Bulgaria

Bulgaria

Eastern Europe

EuropeEUSchengen
76
Overall score
Strong overall
Language
Bulgarian
Currency
EUR
Citizenship
5 years after permanent residence
Personal tax
10% flat
Cost of living
€1,000 / mo (single)

A low-tax EU and Schengen member with a top-tier passport, a 5-year citizenship path and residence by investment, but case-by-case immigration and tax rules.

Pros

  • A top-tier passport
  • A 5-year citizenship path
  • Residence by investment

Cons

  • Case-by-case immigration and tax rules

Best for

Remote workersLow-tax relocatorsFounders

Score profile

Status & mobility
Passport
90
Citizenship
70
Residence
42
Money & business
Taxes
90
Corporate tax
71
Business
68
Investment
56
Economy
77
Wealth building
75
Living, study & work
Education
78
Salary & work
66
Cost of living
84
Buying power
78
Quality of life
Safety
65
Healthcare
89
Infrastructure
75
HDI
85

Status & mobility

Passport

Rules change often and depend on your situation. Confirm any travel or visa decision with a qualified professional, or do your own research, before acting.

Passport power
Excellent
90

Passport-index style mobility for the Bulgaria passport. The score above is its world reach: the share of 198 destinations reachable without a prior visa.

178 / 198
Mobility
#16
Global rank
Yes
Biometric
  • Visa-free130
  • On arrival40
  • eTA8
  • Visa required20

Passport Index style mobility data (2024–2025 estimate). Placeholder figures; verify current entry rules with each destination’s authority before travelling.

Citizenship

Rules change often and depend on your situation. Confirm any citizenship decision with a qualified professional, or do your own research, before acting.

Citizenship accessibility
Good
70
Years required5 years after permanent residence
Dual allowedtrue
LanguageCheck the current naturalisation rules for the selected route
ResidenceTypical headline route: 5 years after permanent residence; qualifying residence and absence rules apply
NotesRules depend on status and circumstances; verify the current requirements with the competent authority before acting.
Residence

Rules change often and depend on your situation. Confirm any residence / visa decision with a qualified professional, or do your own research, before acting.

Openness to residents
Limited
42
How this score is calculated

Our 0–100 score combines how international the population already is (migrant stock at 45%), governance quality (regulatory quality at 25%), and the curated residence-pathway signal (30%). Available indicators are reweighted; the published values are shown below.

Migrant stock4.4% of population (2024)
Regulatory quality0.29 (−2.5 to 2.5) (2024)

Source: World Bank World Development Indicators

Main pathways
EmploymentStudyFamily reunificationBusiness or investment where eligible
StudentRules depend on status and circumstances; verify the current requirements with the competent authority before acting.
WorkRules depend on status and circumstances; verify the current requirements with the competent authority before acting.
Self-employedRules depend on status and circumstances; verify the current requirements with the competent authority before acting.
PermanentRules depend on status and circumstances; verify the current requirements with the competent authority before acting.

Money & business

Taxes

Rules change often and depend on your situation. Confirm any tax decision with a qualified professional, or do your own research, before acting.

Tax friendliness
Excellent
90
Personal10% flat
Corporate10%
Capital gainsTreatment varies by asset, holding structure, residence, and treaty position
DividendsRates and withholding depend on residence and treaty eligibility
Exit taxCheck current domestic rules before changing tax residence
Foreign cosManagement, permanent-establishment, CFC, and reporting rules may apply
Personal tax

Rules change often and depend on your situation. Confirm any tax decision with a qualified professional, or do your own research, before acting.

Personal tax
Excellent
82
Personal10% flat
FreelanceRegistration, immigration permission, tax, and social contributions may apply
Capital gainsTreatment varies by asset, holding structure, residence, and treaty position
DividendsRates and withholding depend on residence and treaty eligibility
Exit taxCheck current domestic rules before changing tax residence
Corporate tax

Rules change often and depend on your situation. Confirm any tax decision with a qualified professional, or do your own research, before acting.

Corporate tax
Good
71
Corporate10%
Capital gainsTreatment varies by asset, holding structure, residence, and treaty position
DividendsRates and withholding depend on residence and treaty eligibility
Foreign cosManagement, permanent-establishment, CFC, and reporting rules may apply
Business
Business friendliness
Good
68
How this score is calculated

Our 0–100 score leans on the two things founders ask about most: the tax burden (headline corporate rate at 20%, broader tax friendliness at 15%, and freedom from exit-tax / CFC rules at 10%) plus the regulatory and bureaucratic environment (regulatory quality 15%, government effectiveness 15%), on top of the curated company-rules signal (25%). Available indicators are reweighted; the values are shown below.

Regulation & bureaucracy
Regulatory quality0.29 (−2.5 to 2.5) (2024)
Government effectiveness0.04 (−2.5 to 2.5) (2024)

Source: World Bank World Development Indicators

Rules & taxes
Foreign co.Generally possible, subject to sector, registration, tax, and substance rules
Local co.Available company forms and capital requirements vary
FreelanceRegistration, immigration permission, tax, and social contributions may apply
Corporate tax10%
Capital gainsTreatment varies by asset, holding structure, residence, and treaty position
Exit taxCheck current domestic rules before changing tax residence
Foreign cosManagement, permanent-establishment, CFC, and reporting rules may apply
Investment

Rules change often and depend on your situation. Confirm any investment / tax decision with a qualified professional, or do your own research, before acting.

Investing environment
Moderate
56
How this score is calculated

Our 0–100 score is mostly the investor-tax signal (capital-gains treatment, broker access, wealth tax, and ETF or other taxes on investment, 70%), lightly contextualised by equity-market depth (market cap / GDP at 18%) and credit depth (domestic credit to the private sector / GDP at 12%). Available indicators are reweighted.

Market cap7% of GDP (2024)
Private credit47% of GDP (2024)

Source: World Bank World Development Indicators

Capital gainsTreatment varies by asset, residence, holding period, and treaty position
DividendsData not available yet
ETFs & fundsData not available yet
Wealth taxCheck current national and subnational rules
BrokersLocal and international availability varies by residency and compliance checks
Foreign accessData not available yet
Tax-advantagedData not available yet
Economy
Economic strength
Good
77
How this score is calculated

Our 0–100 score combines income level (GDP and GNI per capita, output per worker), growth momentum (real GDP growth), price stability (inflation) and labour utilisation (unemployment). Available indicators are reweighted; the sector split and industry profile below are descriptive, not scored.

Output & income
GDP$113.3B (2024)
GDP / person$17,596 (2024)
GNI / person$39,850 PPP (2024)
GDP growth3.4% / yr (2024)

Source: World Bank World Development Indicators

Stability & labour
Inflation2.4% / yr (2024)
Unemployment3.5% (2025)
Output per worker$74,221 PPP (2024)

Source: World Bank World Development Indicators

Sector composition
Agriculture2.4% of GDP (2024)
Industry21.1% of GDP (2024)
Services63.8% of GDP (2024)

Source: World Bank World Development Indicators

Main industries
Information technology & outsourcingManufacturingEnergyAgricultureTourism
Top exports
MachineryRefined fuelsMetalsAgricultural products
TypeUpper-middle-income, manufacturing- and IT-led
Key sectorsIT & outsourcing (Sofia), Manufacturing, Black Sea tourism
SummaryAn EU economy with a flat tax, a growing IT-outsourcing hub and a manufacturing and agricultural base.
CurrencyBulgarian lev (pegged to the euro)
Wealth building

Rules change often and depend on your situation. Confirm any tax / investment decision with a qualified professional, or do your own research, before acting.

Wealth accumulation
Good
75
How this score is calculated

How favourable Bulgaria is for building wealth: earnings and business/investment upside, tax drag, and how much a typical income keeps after living costs. Estimated from the factors below.

Salary & work
Moderate
62
Business
Good
69
Investment
Good
74
Tax friendliness
Excellent
90
Cost of living
Excellent
84

Living, study & work

Education
Education score
Good
78
How this score is calculated

Our 0–100 score combines attainment (expected schooling at 30% and mean schooling at 25%) with participation (tertiary enrolment at 25%) and public investment (government education spending at 20%). Available indicators are reweighted; tuition and study rules remain separate profile fields below.

Attainment
Expected schooling15.3 years (2023)
Mean schooling11.5 years (2023)

Source: UNDP Human Development Report 2025

Participation & investment
Tertiary enrolment70% gross (2024)
Education spending4.5% of GDP (2022)

Source: World Bank World Development Indicators

Tuition€2,000–8,000 / yr
Public uniVaries by institution, programme, and student nationality
LanguagesBulgarian
Student workRules depend on status and circumstances; verify the current requirements with the competent authority before acting.
Salary & work
Labour-market strength
Good
66
How this score is calculated

Our 0–100 score combines output per worker (a proxy for wage potential at 40%), unemployment (35%) and labour-force participation (25%). Available indicators are reweighted; the curated profile fields remain below.

Output per worker$74,221 PPP (2024)
Unemployment3.5% (2025)
Participation56.1% of 15+ (2025)

Source: World Bank World Development Indicators

Mean monthly earnings of employees
Overall$1,021 · $2,065 PPP (2024)
Tech (IT & comms)$2,181 · $4,412 PPP (2024)

Source: ILOSTAT (International Labour Organization)

FreelanceMarket access depends on language, sector, and work authorisation
Job marketUse current local vacancy and salary data for role-specific decisions.
Cost of living
Affordability
Excellent
84

Our 0–100 affordability score is derived from the local consumer price level (World Bank, US = 100): the cheaper everyday prices are, the higher it scores. Lower price level means your money goes further here.

Price level42 (US = 100) (2024)

Source: World Bank World Development Indicators

RentVaries substantially by city and neighbourhood
Monthly€1,000 / mo (single)
CitiesSofia, Plovdiv, Varna
Buying power
Purchasing power score
Good
78
How this score is calculated

Our 0–100 score estimates how far money goes for the typical person here. It combines GNI per capita at PPP (30%) and actual household consumption per person at PPP (15%) with a price-advantage term from the local price level (25%) that rewards lower prices, then adjusts for income equality via the Gini index (20%), so unequal economies don't ride a high average, plus price stability via consumer inflation (10%). Available indicators are reweighted; it is a comparison, not a personal budget estimate.

GNI / person$39,850 PPP (2024)
Consumption / person$23,897 PPP (2024)
Price level42 (US = 100) (2024)
Income inequality39.5 Gini (2023)
Inflation2.4% / yr (2024)

Source: World Bank World Development Indicators

Quality of life

Safety
Safety & stability
Good
65
How this score is calculated

Our 0–100 score combines personal safety (intentional homicide rate at 35%), institutional quality (rule of law at 25% and control of corruption at 20%), and political stability and absence of violence (20%). Available indicators are reweighted; the published values are shown below. Always check current government travel and security advice before relocating.

Personal safety
Homicide rate1.1 per 100,000 (2023)

Source: World Bank World Development Indicators

Institutions & stability
Rule of law-0.03 (−2.5 to 2.5) (2024)
Control of corruption-0.24 (−2.5 to 2.5) (2024)
Political stability0.04 (−2.5 to 2.5) (2024)

Source: World Bank World Development Indicators

Healthcare
Healthcare score
Excellent
89
How this score is calculated

Our 0–100 score combines health outcomes (life expectancy at 25% and under-5 mortality at 20%) with system capacity (physicians at 20% and hospital beds at 15% per 1,000 people) and health spending per capita (20%). Available indicators are reweighted; the published values are shown below.

Outcomes
Life expectancy75.8 years (2024)
Under-5 mortality5.7 per 1,000 births (2024)

Source: World Bank World Development Indicators

Capacity & resourcing
Physicians4.33 per 1,000 (2022)
Hospital beds8.20 per 1,000 (2023)
Health spending$2,970 PPP / person (2023)

Source: World Bank World Development Indicators

System & costs
SystemPublic/private mix varies by eligibility and residence status
InsuranceCheck residence-permit and local coverage requirements
Avg costDepends on eligibility, income, insurer, and chosen coverage
Infrastructure
Infrastructure score
Good
75
How this score is calculated

The score combines digital access, resilience and download performance (30%), electricity access and network losses (30%), and transport infrastructure covering rail, logistics and aviation (40%). Available inputs are reweighted, but a country needs both digital and transport data to receive a score.

Digital infrastructure
Internet use82.4% (2024)
Internet resilience72 / 100 (2026)
Fixed speed74 / 100 download index (2026)
Mobile speed83 / 100 download index (2026)

Sources: World Bank World Development Indicators · Internet Society Pulse Internet Resilience Index

Utilities
Electricity access100.0% (2023)
Grid losses5.9% of output (2023)

Source: World Bank World Development Indicators

Transport
Transport quality3.10 / 5 (2022)
Rail density37.1 km / 1,000 km² (2021)
Air connectivity1,091 departures / million people (2023)

Source: World Bank World Development Indicators

HDI
Human development score
Excellent
85
How this score is calculated

The UN Human Development Index is the geometric mean of three dimension indices (a long and healthy life, knowledge, and a decent standard of living), shown on a 0–100 map scale (HDI × 100). The 2023 UNDP inputs behind each dimension are listed below.

HDI0.845 (2023)

Source: UNDP Human Development Report 2025

Long & healthy life
Life expectancy75.6 years (2023)

Source: UNDP Human Development Report 2025

Knowledge
Expected schooling15.3 years (2023)
Mean schooling11.5 years (2023)

Source: UNDP Human Development Report 2025

Standard of living
GNI / person$32,175 PPP (2023)

Source: UNDP Human Development Report 2025

Resources

Mock data for demonstration only. Not legal or tax advice.