Colombia

South America

A South American country with a 5-year citizenship path and a digital-nomad visa, but case-by-case immigration and tax rules.

Overall score

Limited · Penalty applied · 97% data coverage

Language

Spanish

Currency

COP

Citizenship

5 years

Personal tax

Up to 39%

Cost of living

$900 / mo (single)

Rules change often. Confirm any immigration, tax or legal decision with a qualified professional.

Score breakdown

Access

17%

50Residence12%

71Citizenship and passport5%

Earning power

25%

55Salary and work12%

63Buying power13%

Business and wealth

20%

46Taxes7%

56Business8%

36Investment5%

Daily life

25%

52Quality of life18%

71Education7%

Rights and institutions

13%

68Freedom6%

38Rule of law7%

Severe safety risk (18) cut the overall score from 55 to 31.

Pros

A 5-year citizenship path
A digital-nomad visa

Cons

Case-by-case immigration and tax rules

Best for

Remote workers

Score profile

Access

Residence

Citizenship

Passport

Earning power

Salary & work

Buying power

Cost of living

Economy

Business and wealth

Taxes

Personal tax

Corporate tax

Business

Investment

Wealth building

Daily life

Safety

Healthcare

Environment

Infrastructure

Education

HDI

Rights and institutions

Freedom

Rule of law

How the scores are calculated

Access

Residence

Openness to residents

Moderate

Migrant stock5.8% of population (2024)

Regulatory quality0.01 (−2.5 to 2.5) (2024)

Source: World Bank World Development Indicators

Main pathways

EmploymentStudyFamily reunificationBusiness or investment where eligible

Student	Rules depend on status and circumstances; verify the current requirements with the competent authority before acting.
Work	Rules depend on status and circumstances; verify the current requirements with the competent authority before acting.
Self-employed	Rules depend on status and circumstances; verify the current requirements with the competent authority before acting.
Permanent	Rules depend on status and circumstances; verify the current requirements with the competent authority before acting.

Citizenship

Citizenship accessibility

Good

Years required	5 years
Dual allowed	Yes
Language	Check the current naturalisation rules for the selected route
Residence	Typical headline route: 5 years; qualifying residence and absence rules apply
Notes	Rules depend on status and circumstances; verify the current requirements with the competent authority before acting.

Passport

Passport power

Good

152 / 198

Mobility

#29

Global rank

Yes

Biometric

Visa-free102
On arrival42
eTA8
Visa required46

Placeholder estimates for 2024 to 2025. Check entry rules with each destination before travelling.

Earning power

Salary & work

Labour-market strength

Moderate

Output per worker$40,363 PPP (2024)

Unemployment8.3% (2025)

Participation63.4% of 15+ (2025)

Source: World Bank World Development Indicators

Mean monthly earnings of employees

Overall$319 · $835 PPP (2024)

Tech (IT & comms)$589 · $1,392 PPP (2024)

Source: ILOSTAT (International Labour Organization)

Freelance	Market access depends on language, sector, and work authorisation
Job market	Use current local vacancy and salary data for role-specific decisions.

Buying power

Purchasing power score

Moderate

GNI / person$22,250 PPP (2025)

Consumption / person$15,143 PPP (2024)

Price level41 (US = 100) (2025)

Income inequality54.4 Gini (2024)

Inflation5.1% / yr (2025)

Source: World Bank World Development Indicators

Cost of living

Affordability

Excellent

Price level41 (US = 100) (2025)

Source: World Bank World Development Indicators

Rent	Varies substantially by city and neighbourhood
Monthly	$900 / mo (single)
Cities	Bogotá, Medellín, Cali

Economy

Economic strength

Moderate

Output & income

GDP$457.4B (2025)

GDP / person$8,562 (2025)

GNI / person$22,250 PPP (2025)

GDP growth1.6% / yr (2024)

Source: World Bank World Development Indicators

Stability & labour

Inflation5.1% / yr (2025)

Unemployment8.3% (2025)

Output per worker$40,363 PPP (2024)

Source: World Bank World Development Indicators

Sector composition

Agriculture9.9% of GDP (2025)

Industry21.8% of GDP (2025)

Services58.5% of GDP (2025)

Source: World Bank World Development Indicators

Main industries

Oil & coalCoffee & agricultureManufacturingServicesTourism

Top exports

Crude oilCoalCoffeeFlowersGold

Type	Upper-middle-income, resources- and services-led
Key sectors	Energy & mining, Coffee & agriculture, Medellin & Bogota services
Summary	A diversified economy led by oil, coal and coffee, with a growing services and tech sector and a tourism boom.
Currency	Colombian peso

Business and wealth

Taxes

Tax friendliness

Moderate

Personal	Up to 39%
Corporate	Generally 35%
Capital gains	Treatment varies by asset, holding structure, residence, and treaty position
Dividends	Rates and withholding depend on residence and treaty eligibility
Exit tax	Check current domestic rules before changing tax residence
Foreign companies	Management, permanent-establishment, CFC, and reporting rules may apply

Personal tax

Low

Personal	Up to 39%
Freelance	Registration, immigration permission, tax, and social contributions may apply
Capital gains	Treatment varies by asset, holding structure, residence, and treaty position
Dividends	Rates and withholding depend on residence and treaty eligibility
Exit tax	Check current domestic rules before changing tax residence

Corporate tax

Low

Corporate	Generally 35%
Capital gains	Treatment varies by asset, holding structure, residence, and treaty position
Dividends	Rates and withholding depend on residence and treaty eligibility
Foreign companies	Management, permanent-establishment, CFC, and reporting rules may apply

Business

Business friendliness

Moderate

Regulation & bureaucracy

Regulatory quality0.01 (−2.5 to 2.5) (2024)

Government effectiveness-0.11 (−2.5 to 2.5) (2024)

Source: World Bank World Development Indicators

Operating rules

Foreign company	Generally possible, subject to sector, registration, tax, and substance rules
Local company	Available company forms and capital requirements vary
Freelance	Registration, immigration permission, tax, and social contributions may apply

Investment

Investing environment

Limited

Market cap29% of GDP (2025)

Private credit40% of GDP (2025)

Source: World Bank World Development Indicators

Capital gains	Treatment varies by asset, residence, holding period, and treaty position
Dividends	Data not available yet
ETFs & funds	Data not available yet
Wealth tax	Check current national and subnational rules
Brokers	Local and international availability varies by residency and compliance checks
Foreign access	Data not available yet
Tax-advantaged	Data not available yet

Wealth building

Wealth accumulation

Moderate

Salary & work

Moderate

Business

Moderate

Investment

Limited

Tax friendliness

Moderate

Cost of living

Excellent

Daily life

Safety

Safety & stability

Low

Personal safety

Homicide rate24.9 per 100,000 (2023)

Source: World Bank World Development Indicators

Institutions & stability

Control of corruption-0.29 (−2.5 to 2.5) (2024)

Political stability-0.97 (−2.5 to 2.5) (2024)

Source: World Bank World Development Indicators

Check current government travel and security advice before relocating.

Healthcare

Healthcare score

Good

Outcomes

Life expectancy77.9 years (2024)

Under-5 mortality11.5 per 1,000 births (2024)

Source: World Bank World Development Indicators

Capacity & resourcing

Physicians2.54 per 1,000 (2023)

Hospital beds1.70 per 1,000 (2020)

Health spending$1,758 PPP / person (2024)

Source: World Bank World Development Indicators

System & costs

System	Public/private mix varies by eligibility and residence status
Insurance	Check residence-permit and local coverage requirements
Average cost	Depends on eligibility, income, insurer, and chosen coverage

Environment

Environment score

Excellent

Environmental pressure

PM2.5 exposure18.4 μg/m³ annually (2023)

Water stress3.6% (2022)

Source: World Bank World Development Indicators

Infrastructure

Infrastructure score

Good

Digital infrastructure

Internet use79.3% (2024)

Internet resilience57 / 100 (2026)

Fixed speed88 / 100 download index (2026)

Mobile speed58 / 100 download index (2026)

Sources: World Bank World Development Indicators · Internet Society Pulse Internet Resilience Index

Utilities

Electricity access98.7% (2023)

Grid losses7.8% of output (2024)

Source: World Bank World Development Indicators

Transport

Transport quality2.90 / 5 (2022)

Air connectivity6,984 departures / million people (2023)

Source: World Bank World Development Indicators

Education

Education score

Good

Attainment

Expected schooling14.3 years (2023)

Mean schooling9.0 years (2023)

Source: UNDP Human Development Report 2025

Participation & investment

Tertiary enrolment59% gross (2022)

Education spending5.3% of GDP (2020)

Source: World Bank World Development Indicators

Tuition	$3,000–12,000 / yr
Public university	Varies by institution, programme, and student nationality
Languages	Spanish
Student work	Rules depend on status and circumstances; verify the current requirements with the competent authority before acting.

HDI

Human development score

Good

HDI0.788 (2023)

Source: UNDP Human Development Report 2025

Long & healthy life

Life expectancy77.7 years (2023)

Source: UNDP Human Development Report 2025

Knowledge

Expected schooling14.3 years (2023)

Mean schooling9.0 years (2023)

Source: UNDP Human Development Report 2025