Eswatini

Eswatini

Southern Africa

Africa
35
Overall score
Limited overall · Penalty applied · 91% data coverage
Language
Swazi, English
Currency
SZL
Citizenship
5 years
Personal tax
Up to 33% headline
Cost of living
Consumer price level 42 (world = 100, 2021)
Overall scoring rubric
38
Access

How easy it is to get in, stay, and build status.

17% of Overall
42Residence12%
29Citizenship and passport5%
44
Earning power

How far local income goes after prices.

25% of Overall
30Salary and work12%
57Buying power13%
37
Business and wealth

How friendly the country is for taxes, companies, and investing.

20% of Overall
39Taxes7%
40Business8%
30Investment5%
46
Daily life

How comfortable everyday life is for families and long stays.

25% of Overall
41Quality of life18%
60Education7%
28
Rights and institutions

How reliable freedoms and institutions are.

13% of Overall
19Freedom6%
35Rule of law7%

Penalty: Severe safety risk (36) cut the overall score from 40 to 37. Safety measures the homicide rate, political stability, and control of corruption.

Healthcare (40) clears the 40 floor, so no penalty applies.

Environment (56) clears the 35 floor, so no penalty applies.

Penalty: Weak rights and institutions (28) cut the overall score from 37 to 35. Rights and institutions measures political and civil freedoms and the rule of law.

Overall score
Final weighted result
35

A low-cost Southern African economy with English as a working language and a 5-year citizenship path, but a weak passport (~71 destinations), no dual citizenship and high personal taxes.

Pros

  • Relative affordability score 73/100
  • Human development score 70/100
  • Internet use 63%

Cons

  • Passport mobility score 37/100
  • Institutional environment score 37/100
  • Tax friendliness score 39/100

Best for

English-speaking applicantsCost-conscious residentsPeople with a confirmed local employment or study route

Score profile

Access
Residence
42
Citizenship
24
Passport
43
Earning power
Salary & work
30
Buying power
57
Cost of living
84
Economy
56
Business and wealth
Taxes
39
Personal tax
40
Corporate tax
21
Business
40
Investment
30
Wealth building
42
Daily life
Safety
36
Healthcare
40
Environment
56
Infrastructure
48
Education
60
HDI
70
Rights and institutions
Freedom
19
Rule of law
35

Access

Residence

Rules change often and depend on your situation. Confirm any residence / visa decision with a qualified professional, or do your own research, before acting.

Openness to residents
Limited
42
How this score is calculated

Our 0–100 score combines international migrant stock (40%), regulatory quality (20%), the breadth of named residence pathways (25%), and time to permanent residence (15%). Available indicators are reweighted.

Migrant stock2.7% of population (2024)
Regulatory quality-0.64 (−2.5 to 2.5) (2024)

Source: World Bank World Development Indicators

Main pathways
Employment residenceStudy residenceFamily reunificationBusiness or investment residence where eligible
StudentAdmission, proof of funds, accommodation, insurance, and immigration approval are normally required; work rights vary.
WorkA local employer, qualifying occupation, or other work authorization is normally required; labour-market tests may apply.
Self-employedBusiness registration, tax registration, and a residence or work authorization suitable for self-employment are generally required.
PermanentEligibility depends on years and continuity of lawful residence, route, income, character, and country-specific legislation.
Citizenship

Rules change often and depend on your situation. Confirm any citizenship decision with a qualified professional, or do your own research, before acting.

Citizenship accessibility
Low
24
Years required5 years
Dual allowedfalse
LanguageLanguage, integration, character, and documentation requirements depend on the nationality law and route.
ResidenceHeadline ordinary naturalization period: 5 years. Continuous residence and absence rules may apply.
NotesThis is a statutory headline from a sourced comparison table. Confirm the current nationality law and administrative practice before relying on it.
Passport

Rules change often and depend on your situation. Confirm any travel or visa decision with a qualified professional, or do your own research, before acting.

Passport power
Limited
43

Passport-index style mobility for the Eswatini passport. The score above is its world reach: the share of 198 destinations reachable without a prior visa.

85 / 198
Mobility
#59
Global rank
Yes
Biometric
  • Visa-free38
  • On arrival44
  • eTA3
  • Visa required113

Passport Index style mobility data (2024–2025 estimate). Placeholder figures; verify current entry rules with each destination’s authority before travelling.

Earning power

Salary & work
Labour-market strength
Limited
30
How this score is calculated

Our 0–100 score combines output per worker (a proxy for wage potential at 40%), unemployment (35%) and labour-force participation (25%). Available indicators are reweighted; the curated profile fields remain below.

Output per worker$46,543 PPP (2024)
Unemployment34.2% (2025)
Participation51.2% of 15+ (2025)

Source: World Bank World Development Indicators

Mean monthly earnings of employees
Overall$169 · $404 PPP (2021)
Tech (IT & comms)$330 · $787 PPP (2021)

Source: ILOSTAT (International Labour Organization)

FreelanceInternet use is 63%; remote and freelance access still depends on payments, language, regulation, and immigration status.
Job marketLatest comparable unemployment rate: 34.2%. Role-specific demand varies substantially by city and sector.
Buying power
Purchasing power score
Moderate
57
How this score is calculated

Our 0–100 score estimates how far money goes for the typical person here. It combines GNI per capita at PPP (30%) and actual household consumption per person at PPP (15%) with a price-advantage term from the local price level (25%) that rewards lower prices, then adjusts for income equality via the Gini index (20%), so unequal economies don't ride a high average, plus price stability via consumer inflation (10%). Available indicators are reweighted; it is a comparison, not a personal budget estimate.

GNI / person$11,390 PPP (2025)
Consumption / person$5,390 PPP (2021)
Price level42 (US = 100) (2021)
Income inequality54.6 Gini (2016)
Inflation2.6% / yr (2019)

Source: World Bank World Development Indicators

Cost of living
Affordability
Excellent
84

Our 0–100 affordability score is derived from the local consumer price level (World Bank, US = 100): the cheaper everyday prices are, the higher it scores. Lower price level means your money goes further here.

Price level42 (US = 100) (2021)

Source: World Bank World Development Indicators

RentModel benchmark: about $250 monthly housing share; derived from the World Bank consumer price level, not a market listing.
MonthlyModel benchmark: about $630 / month at a US$1,500 world-price baseline.
CitiesMbabane, Manzini
Economy
Economic strength
Moderate
56
How this score is calculated

Our 0–100 score combines income level (GDP and GNI per capita, output per worker), growth momentum (real GDP growth), price stability (inflation) and labour utilisation (unemployment). Available indicators are reweighted; the sector split and industry profile below are descriptive, not scored.

Output & income
GDP$5.2B (2025)
GDP / person$4,108 (2025)
GNI / person$11,390 PPP (2025)
GDP growth3.0% / yr (2024)

Source: World Bank World Development Indicators

Stability & labour
Inflation2.6% / yr (2019)
Unemployment34.2% (2025)
Output per worker$46,543 PPP (2024)

Source: World Bank World Development Indicators

Sector composition
Agriculture6.4% of GDP (2025)
Industry33.6% of GDP (2025)
Services52.4% of GDP (2025)

Source: World Bank World Development Indicators

Main industries
Agriculture (sugar)ManufacturingForestryMining
Top exports
Sugar & soft-drink concentrateTextilesWood pulp
TypeLower-middle-income, agri- and manufacturing-led
Key sectorsSugar agriculture, Manufacturing (tied to South Africa)
SummaryA small economy closely tied to South Africa, built on sugar, soft-drink concentrate and light manufacturing.
CurrencySwazi lilangeni (pegged to the South African rand)

Business and wealth

Taxes

Rules change often and depend on your situation. Confirm any tax decision with a qualified professional, or do your own research, before acting.

Tax friendliness
Limited
39
Personal33
Corporate27.5 (25% for year-ends commencing after 1 July 2024)
Capital gainsTreatment varies by asset, entity, residence, holding period, and domestic exemptions; consult the current country summary.
DividendsDomestic and withholding rates vary with residence, ownership, and treaty eligibility.
Exit taxNo harmonized cross-country answer; verify current deemed-disposal and residence-cessation rules.
Foreign cosPermanent-establishment, management-and-control, transfer-pricing, withholding, and reporting rules may apply.
Personal tax

Rules change often and depend on your situation. Confirm any tax decision with a qualified professional, or do your own research, before acting.

Personal tax
Limited
40
Personal33
FreelanceFreelancers typically need appropriate immigration permission plus business and tax registration.
Capital gainsTreatment varies by asset, entity, residence, holding period, and domestic exemptions; consult the current country summary.
DividendsDomestic and withholding rates vary with residence, ownership, and treaty eligibility.
Exit taxNo harmonized cross-country answer; verify current deemed-disposal and residence-cessation rules.
Corporate tax

Rules change often and depend on your situation. Confirm any tax decision with a qualified professional, or do your own research, before acting.

Corporate tax
Low
21
Corporate27.5 (25% for year-ends commencing after 1 July 2024)
Capital gainsTreatment varies by asset, entity, residence, holding period, and domestic exemptions; consult the current country summary.
DividendsDomestic and withholding rates vary with residence, ownership, and treaty eligibility.
Foreign cosPermanent-establishment, management-and-control, transfer-pricing, withholding, and reporting rules may apply.
Business
Business friendliness
Limited
40
How this score is calculated

Our 0–100 score measures the operating environment without counting tax a second time: company formation and ownership rules contribute 40%, regulatory quality 30%, and government effectiveness 30%. Available indicators are reweighted; the values are shown below.

Regulation & bureaucracy
Regulatory quality-0.64 (−2.5 to 2.5) (2024)
Government effectiveness-0.78 (−2.5 to 2.5) (2024)

Source: World Bank World Development Indicators

Operating rules
Foreign co.Foreign ownership is generally possible, subject to sector restrictions, licensing, local-participation rules, and beneficial-ownership checks.
Local co.Local company forms are available; registration, tax, capital, director, address, and licensing requirements vary.
FreelanceFreelancers typically need appropriate immigration permission plus business and tax registration.
Investment

Rules change often and depend on your situation. Confirm any investment / tax decision with a qualified professional, or do your own research, before acting.

Investing environment
Limited
30
How this score is calculated

Our 0–100 score measures market access without counting tax a second time: broker availability contributes 50%, equity-market depth 30%, and private credit depth 20%. Available indicators are reweighted.

Market cap7% of GDP (2007)
Private credit23% of GDP (2025)

Source: World Bank World Development Indicators

Capital gainsCapital-gains treatment varies by asset, holding structure, residence, and treaty position.
DividendsData not available yet
ETFs & fundsData not available yet
Wealth taxVerify current national and subnational net-wealth, property, inheritance, and transfer taxes.
BrokersLocal and international broker access depends on residency, exchange controls, sanctions screening, and platform onboarding.
Foreign accessData not available yet
Tax-advantagedData not available yet
Wealth building

Rules change often and depend on your situation. Confirm any tax / investment decision with a qualified professional, or do your own research, before acting.

Wealth accumulation
Limited
42
How this score is calculated

How favourable Eswatini is for building wealth: earnings and business/investment upside, tax drag, and how much a typical income keeps after living costs. Estimated from the factors below.

Salary & work
Limited
30
Business
Limited
40
Investment
Limited
30
Tax friendliness
Limited
39
Cost of living
Excellent
84

Daily life

Safety
Safety & stability
Limited
36
How this score is calculated

Our 0–100 score combines personal safety (intentional homicide rate at 50%), political stability and absence of violence (30%), and control of corruption (20%). Available indicators are reweighted; the published values are shown below. Always check current government travel and security advice before relocating.

Personal safety
Homicide rate12.5 per 100,000 (2021)

Source: World Bank World Development Indicators

Institutions & stability
Control of corruption-0.79 (−2.5 to 2.5) (2024)
Political stability-0.73 (−2.5 to 2.5) (2024)

Source: World Bank World Development Indicators

Healthcare
Healthcare score
Limited
40
How this score is calculated

Our 0–100 score combines health outcomes (life expectancy at 25% and under-5 mortality at 20%) with system capacity (physicians at 20% and hospital beds at 15% per 1,000 people) and health spending per capita (20%). Available indicators are reweighted; the published values are shown below.

Outcomes
Life expectancy64.3 years (2024)
Under-5 mortality45.1 per 1,000 births (2024)

Source: World Bank World Development Indicators

Capacity & resourcing
Physicians0.56 per 1,000 (2023)
Hospital beds2.02 per 1,000 (2013)
Health spending$922 PPP / person (2023)

Source: World Bank World Development Indicators

System & costs
SystemPublic and private provision coexist; eligibility, service quality, and capacity vary by location.
InsuranceInsurance and proof-of-cover requirements depend on immigration status, employer, and residence route.
Avg costHealth expenditure: $922 PPP per person (2023).
Environment
Environment score
Moderate
56
How this score is calculated

Our 0–100 score combines annual population-weighted PM2.5 exposure at 60% with freshwater stress at 40%. Lower exposure and lower water stress score better. Air quality alone can produce a score because it covers most countries; water stress alone cannot.

Environmental pressure
PM2.5 exposure16.7 μg/m³ annually (2023)
Water stress77.6% (2022)

Source: World Bank World Development Indicators

Infrastructure
Infrastructure score
Moderate
48
How this score is calculated

The score combines digital access, resilience and download performance (30%), electricity access and network losses (30%), and transport infrastructure covering rail, logistics and aviation (40%). Available inputs are reweighted, but a country needs both digital and transport data to receive a score.

Digital infrastructure
Internet use63.4% (2024)
Internet resilience41 / 100 (2026)
Fixed speed37 / 100 download index (2026)
Mobile speed45 / 100 download index (2026)

Sources: World Bank World Development Indicators · Internet Society Pulse Internet Resilience Index

Utilities
Electricity access86.4% (2023)
Grid losses28.1% of output (2023)

Source: World Bank World Development Indicators

Transport
Rail density17.4 km / 1,000 km² (2011)
Air connectivity2,069 departures / million people (2023)

Source: World Bank World Development Indicators

Education
Education score
Moderate
60
How this score is calculated

Our 0–100 score combines attainment (expected schooling at 30% and mean schooling at 25%) with participation (tertiary enrolment at 25%) and public investment (government education spending at 20%). Available indicators are reweighted; tuition and study rules remain separate profile fields below.

Attainment
Expected schooling15.2 years (2023)
Mean schooling8.7 years (2023)

Source: UNDP Human Development Report 2025

Participation & investment
Tertiary enrolment6% gross (2013)
Education spending6.0% of GDP (2024)

Source: World Bank World Development Indicators

TuitionFees vary by institution, programme, level, and nationality; no harmonized official tuition series is used.
Public uniCheck current public-university fee schedules and scholarship rules directly with each institution.
LanguagesSwazi, English
Student workStudent employment rights vary by permit and may require separate authorization or hour limits.
HDI
Human development score
Good
70
How this score is calculated

The UN Human Development Index is the geometric mean of three dimension indices (a long and healthy life, knowledge, and a decent standard of living), shown on a 0–100 map scale (HDI × 100). The 2023 UNDP inputs behind each dimension are listed below.

HDI0.695 (2023)

Source: UNDP Human Development Report 2025

Long & healthy life
Life expectancy64.1 years (2023)

Source: UNDP Human Development Report 2025

Knowledge
Expected schooling15.2 years (2023)
Mean schooling8.7 years (2023)

Source: UNDP Human Development Report 2025

Standard of living
GNI / person$9,919 PPP (2023)

Source: UNDP Human Development Report 2025

Rights and institutions

Freedom
Freedom score
Low
19
How this score is calculated

The score weights Freedom House’s 0–100 Freedom in the World score at 60% and its Freedom on the Net score at 40%. If either report does not cover a country, the available score is used alone. Scores of 70 and above are rated “Free”, 40–69 “Partly free”, and below 40 “Not free”.

Freedom in the World19 / 100 (Not free)
Rule of law
Rule of law score
Limited
35
How this score is calculated

The World Bank’s Rule of Law indicator captures how well contracts are enforced and how independent and effective the courts, police and property-rights regime are. We show its 0–100 percentile rank, where higher means stronger, more predictable institutions.

Rule of Law percentile35 / 100
Resources

Mock data for demonstration only. Not legal or tax advice.