Indonesia

Indonesia

South-eastern Asia

Asia
56
Overall score
Moderate overall
Language
Indonesian
Currency
IDR
Citizenship
5 continuous or 10 cumulative years
Personal tax
Progressive, up to 35%
Cost of living
$900 / mo (single)

An Asian country with residence by investment, a digital-nomad visa and low university tuition, but no dual citizenship.

Pros

  • Residence by investment
  • A digital-nomad visa
  • Low university tuition

Cons

  • No dual citizenship

Best for

Remote workersStudentsInvestors

Score profile

Status & mobility
Passport
45
Citizenship
23
Residence
25
Money & business
Taxes
60
Corporate tax
37
Business
51
Investment
61
Economy
70
Wealth building
68
Living, study & work
Education
54
Salary & work
63
Cost of living
93
Buying power
74
Quality of life
Safety
61
Healthcare
47
Infrastructure
67
HDI
73

Status & mobility

Passport

Rules change often and depend on your situation. Confirm any travel or visa decision with a qualified professional, or do your own research, before acting.

Passport power
Moderate
45

Passport-index style mobility for the Indonesia passport. The score above is its world reach: the share of 198 destinations reachable without a prior visa.

89 / 198
Mobility
#58
Global rank
Yes
Biometric
  • Visa-free33
  • On arrival52
  • eTA4
  • Visa required109

Passport Index style mobility data (2024–2025 estimate). Placeholder figures; verify current entry rules with each destination’s authority before travelling.

Citizenship

Rules change often and depend on your situation. Confirm any citizenship decision with a qualified professional, or do your own research, before acting.

Citizenship accessibility
Low
23
Years required5 continuous or 10 cumulative years
Dual allowedfalse
LanguageCheck the current naturalisation rules for the selected route
ResidenceTypical headline route: 5 continuous or 10 cumulative years; qualifying residence and absence rules apply
NotesRules depend on status and circumstances; verify the current requirements with the competent authority before acting.
Residence

Rules change often and depend on your situation. Confirm any residence / visa decision with a qualified professional, or do your own research, before acting.

Openness to residents
Low
25
How this score is calculated

Our 0–100 score combines how international the population already is (migrant stock at 45%), governance quality (regulatory quality at 25%), and the curated residence-pathway signal (30%). Available indicators are reweighted; the published values are shown below.

Migrant stock0.2% of population (2024)
Regulatory quality0.12 (−2.5 to 2.5) (2024)

Source: World Bank World Development Indicators

Main pathways
EmploymentStudyFamily reunificationBusiness or investment where eligible
StudentRules depend on status and circumstances; verify the current requirements with the competent authority before acting.
WorkRules depend on status and circumstances; verify the current requirements with the competent authority before acting.
Self-employedRules depend on status and circumstances; verify the current requirements with the competent authority before acting.
PermanentRules depend on status and circumstances; verify the current requirements with the competent authority before acting.

Money & business

Taxes

Rules change often and depend on your situation. Confirm any tax decision with a qualified professional, or do your own research, before acting.

Tax friendliness
Moderate
60
PersonalProgressive, up to 35%
Corporate22%
Capital gainsTreatment varies by asset, holding structure, residence, and treaty position
DividendsRates and withholding depend on residence and treaty eligibility
Exit taxCheck current domestic rules before changing tax residence
Foreign cosManagement, permanent-establishment, CFC, and reporting rules may apply
Personal tax

Rules change often and depend on your situation. Confirm any tax decision with a qualified professional, or do your own research, before acting.

Personal tax
Limited
36
PersonalProgressive, up to 35%
FreelanceRegistration, immigration permission, tax, and social contributions may apply
Capital gainsTreatment varies by asset, holding structure, residence, and treaty position
DividendsRates and withholding depend on residence and treaty eligibility
Exit taxCheck current domestic rules before changing tax residence
Corporate tax

Rules change often and depend on your situation. Confirm any tax decision with a qualified professional, or do your own research, before acting.

Corporate tax
Limited
37
Corporate22%
Capital gainsTreatment varies by asset, holding structure, residence, and treaty position
DividendsRates and withholding depend on residence and treaty eligibility
Foreign cosManagement, permanent-establishment, CFC, and reporting rules may apply
Business
Business friendliness
Moderate
51
How this score is calculated

Our 0–100 score leans on the two things founders ask about most: the tax burden (headline corporate rate at 20%, broader tax friendliness at 15%, and freedom from exit-tax / CFC rules at 10%) plus the regulatory and bureaucratic environment (regulatory quality 15%, government effectiveness 15%), on top of the curated company-rules signal (25%). Available indicators are reweighted; the values are shown below.

Regulation & bureaucracy
Regulatory quality0.12 (−2.5 to 2.5) (2024)
Government effectiveness0.18 (−2.5 to 2.5) (2024)

Source: World Bank World Development Indicators

Rules & taxes
Foreign co.Generally possible, subject to sector, registration, tax, and substance rules
Local co.Available company forms and capital requirements vary
FreelanceRegistration, immigration permission, tax, and social contributions may apply
Corporate tax22%
Capital gainsTreatment varies by asset, holding structure, residence, and treaty position
Exit taxCheck current domestic rules before changing tax residence
Foreign cosManagement, permanent-establishment, CFC, and reporting rules may apply
Investment

Rules change often and depend on your situation. Confirm any investment / tax decision with a qualified professional, or do your own research, before acting.

Investing environment
Moderate
61
How this score is calculated

Our 0–100 score is mostly the investor-tax signal (capital-gains treatment, broker access, wealth tax, and ETF or other taxes on investment, 70%), lightly contextualised by equity-market depth (market cap / GDP at 18%) and credit depth (domestic credit to the private sector / GDP at 12%). Available indicators are reweighted.

Market cap54% of GDP (2024)
Private credit36% of GDP (2024)

Source: World Bank World Development Indicators

Capital gainsTreatment varies by asset, residence, holding period, and treaty position
DividendsData not available yet
ETFs & fundsData not available yet
Wealth taxCheck current national and subnational rules
BrokersLocal and international availability varies by residency and compliance checks
Foreign accessData not available yet
Tax-advantagedData not available yet
Economy
Economic strength
Good
70
How this score is calculated

Our 0–100 score combines income level (GDP and GNI per capita, output per worker), growth momentum (real GDP growth), price stability (inflation) and labour utilisation (unemployment). Available indicators are reweighted; the sector split and industry profile below are descriptive, not scored.

Output & income
GDP$1.4T (2024)
GDP / person$4,925 (2024)
GNI / person$16,010 PPP (2024)
GDP growth5.0% / yr (2024)

Source: World Bank World Development Indicators

Stability & labour
Inflation2.2% / yr (2024)
Unemployment3.2% (2025)
Output per worker$29,217 PPP (2024)

Source: World Bank World Development Indicators

Sector composition
Agriculture12.6% of GDP (2024)
Industry39.3% of GDP (2024)
Services43.8% of GDP (2024)

Source: World Bank World Development Indicators

Main industries
Mining & mineralsPalm oil & agricultureManufacturingEnergyTextiles
Top exports
CoalPalm oilNickel & metalsMachineryTextiles
TypeUpper-middle-income, resources- and manufacturing-led
Key sectorsNickel & mining (a battery-metals leader), Palm oil, Manufacturing
SummarySoutheast Asia's largest economy, a major commodity exporter moving up the value chain in nickel and EV materials.
CurrencyIndonesian rupiah
Wealth building

Rules change often and depend on your situation. Confirm any tax / investment decision with a qualified professional, or do your own research, before acting.

Wealth accumulation
Good
68
How this score is calculated

How favourable Indonesia is for building wealth: earnings and business/investment upside, tax drag, and how much a typical income keeps after living costs. Estimated from the factors below.

Salary & work
Moderate
64
Business
Moderate
56
Investment
Good
74
Tax friendliness
Moderate
60
Cost of living
Excellent
93

Living, study & work

Education
Education score
Moderate
54
How this score is calculated

Our 0–100 score combines attainment (expected schooling at 30% and mean schooling at 25%) with participation (tertiary enrolment at 25%) and public investment (government education spending at 20%). Available indicators are reweighted; tuition and study rules remain separate profile fields below.

Attainment
Expected schooling13.3 years (2023)
Mean schooling8.7 years (2023)

Source: UNDP Human Development Report 2025

Participation & investment
Tertiary enrolment45% gross (2023)
Education spending1.3% of GDP (2023)

Source: World Bank World Development Indicators

Tuition$3,000-12,000 / yr
Public uniVaries by institution, programme, and student nationality
LanguagesIndonesian
Student workRules depend on status and circumstances; verify the current requirements with the competent authority before acting.
Salary & work
Labour-market strength
Moderate
63
How this score is calculated

Our 0–100 score combines output per worker (a proxy for wage potential at 40%), unemployment (35%) and labour-force participation (25%). Available indicators are reweighted; the curated profile fields remain below.

Output per worker$29,217 PPP (2024)
Unemployment3.2% (2025)
Participation68.0% of 15+ (2025)

Source: World Bank World Development Indicators

Mean monthly earnings of employees
Overall$148 · $437 PPP (2023)
Tech (IT & comms)$239 · $709 PPP (2023)

Source: ILOSTAT (International Labour Organization)

FreelanceMarket access depends on language, sector, and work authorisation
Job marketUse current local vacancy and salary data for role-specific decisions.
Cost of living
Affordability
Excellent
93

Our 0–100 affordability score is derived from the local consumer price level (World Bank, US = 100): the cheaper everyday prices are, the higher it scores. Lower price level means your money goes further here.

Price level32 (US = 100) (2024)

Source: World Bank World Development Indicators

RentVaries substantially by city and neighbourhood
Monthly$900 / mo (single)
CitiesJakarta, Surabaya, Bandung, Denpasar
Buying power
Purchasing power score
Good
74
How this score is calculated

Our 0–100 score estimates how far money goes for the typical person here. It combines GNI per capita at PPP (30%) and actual household consumption per person at PPP (15%) with a price-advantage term from the local price level (25%) that rewards lower prices, then adjusts for income equality via the Gini index (20%), so unequal economies don't ride a high average, plus price stability via consumer inflation (10%). Available indicators are reweighted; it is a comparison, not a personal budget estimate.

GNI / person$16,010 PPP (2024)
Consumption / person$8,475 PPP (2024)
Price level32 (US = 100) (2024)
Income inequality34.4 Gini (2025)
Inflation2.2% / yr (2024)

Source: World Bank World Development Indicators

Quality of life

Safety
Safety & stability
Moderate
61
How this score is calculated

Our 0–100 score combines personal safety (intentional homicide rate at 35%), institutional quality (rule of law at 25% and control of corruption at 20%), and political stability and absence of violence (20%). Available indicators are reweighted; the published values are shown below. Always check current government travel and security advice before relocating.

Personal safety
Homicide rate0.3 per 100,000 (2022)

Source: World Bank World Development Indicators

Institutions & stability
Rule of law-0.21 (−2.5 to 2.5) (2024)
Control of corruption-0.54 (−2.5 to 2.5) (2024)
Political stability-0.61 (−2.5 to 2.5) (2024)

Source: World Bank World Development Indicators

Healthcare
Healthcare score
Moderate
47
How this score is calculated

Our 0–100 score combines health outcomes (life expectancy at 25% and under-5 mortality at 20%) with system capacity (physicians at 20% and hospital beds at 15% per 1,000 people) and health spending per capita (20%). Available indicators are reweighted; the published values are shown below.

Outcomes
Life expectancy71.3 years (2024)
Under-5 mortality17.7 per 1,000 births (2024)

Source: World Bank World Development Indicators

Capacity & resourcing
Physicians0.52 per 1,000 (2023)
Hospital beds1.37 per 1,000 (2023)
Health spending$417 PPP / person (2023)

Source: World Bank World Development Indicators

System & costs
SystemPublic/private mix varies by eligibility and residence status
InsuranceCheck residence-permit and local coverage requirements
Avg costDepends on eligibility, income, insurer, and chosen coverage
Infrastructure
Infrastructure score
Good
67
How this score is calculated

The score combines digital access, resilience and download performance (30%), electricity access and network losses (30%), and transport infrastructure covering rail, logistics and aviation (40%). Available inputs are reweighted, but a country needs both digital and transport data to receive a score.

Digital infrastructure
Internet use72.8% (2024)
Internet resilience59 / 100 (2026)
Fixed speed62 / 100 download index (2026)
Mobile speed63 / 100 download index (2026)

Sources: World Bank World Development Indicators · Internet Society Pulse Internet Resilience Index

Utilities
Electricity access99.4% (2023)
Grid losses6.5% of output (2023)

Source: World Bank World Development Indicators

Transport
Transport quality2.90 / 5 (2022)
Rail density2.9 km / 1,000 km² (2019)
Air connectivity2,597 departures / million people (2023)

Source: World Bank World Development Indicators

HDI
Human development score
Good
73
How this score is calculated

The UN Human Development Index is the geometric mean of three dimension indices (a long and healthy life, knowledge, and a decent standard of living), shown on a 0–100 map scale (HDI × 100). The 2023 UNDP inputs behind each dimension are listed below.

HDI0.728 (2023)

Source: UNDP Human Development Report 2025

Long & healthy life
Life expectancy71.1 years (2023)

Source: UNDP Human Development Report 2025

Knowledge
Expected schooling13.3 years (2023)
Mean schooling8.7 years (2023)

Source: UNDP Human Development Report 2025

Standard of living
GNI / person$13,700 PPP (2023)

Source: UNDP Human Development Report 2025

Resources

Mock data for demonstration only. Not legal or tax advice.