Kosovo
Southern Europe
EuropeNon-EU
Kosovo is included as a separately administered and widely recognised European state; recognition and travel treatment vary by country.
–
Overall score
Insufficient data · 63% data coverage
Language
Albanian, SerbianCurrency
EURCitizenship
10 yearsPersonal tax
Progressive, up to 10%Cost of living
€750 / mo (single)Rules change often. Confirm any immigration, tax or legal decision with a qualified professional.
Score breakdown
–
Access
17%–Residence12%
55Citizenship and passport5%
72
Earning power
25%–Salary and work12%
72Buying power13%
64
Business and wealth
20%88Taxes7%
52Business8%
48Investment5%
–
Daily life
25%–Quality of life18%
–Education7%
50
Rights and institutions
13%60Freedom6%
42Rule of law7%
Pros
- Country-wide comparison coverage
- Local residence and work pathways available
Cons
- Legal and tax outcomes are case-specific
- Costs vary materially by city and lifestyle
Best for
Users comparing regional optionsPeople prepared to verify a specific pathway
Score profile
Access
Residence–
Citizenship
63
Passport
39
Earning power
Salary & work–
Buying power
72
Cost of living
85
Economy
74
Business and wealth
Taxes
88
Personal tax
82
Corporate tax
71
Business
52
Investment
48
Wealth building–
Daily life
Safety
68
Healthcare–
Environment–
Infrastructure–
Education–
HDI–
Rights and institutions
Freedom
60
Rule of law
42
Access
Residence
Openness to residents
–Data not available
Regulatory quality-0.22 (−2.5 to 2.5) (2024)
Main pathways
EmploymentStudyFamily reunificationBusiness or investment where eligible
| Student | Rules depend on status and circumstances; verify the current requirements with the competent authority before acting. |
|---|---|
| Work | Rules depend on status and circumstances; verify the current requirements with the competent authority before acting. |
| Self-employed | Rules depend on status and circumstances; verify the current requirements with the competent authority before acting. |
| Permanent | Rules depend on status and circumstances; verify the current requirements with the competent authority before acting. |
Citizenship
Citizenship accessibility
63Moderate
| Years required | 10 years |
|---|---|
| Dual allowed | Yes |
| Language | Check the current naturalisation rules for the selected route |
| Residence | Typical headline route: 10 years; qualifying residence and absence rules apply |
| Notes | Rules depend on status and circumstances; verify the current requirements with the competent authority before acting. |
Passport
Passport power
39Limited
78 / 198
Mobility
#64
Global rank
Yes
Biometric
- Visa-free35
- On arrival41
- eTA2
- Visa required120
Placeholder estimates for 2024 to 2025. Check entry rules with each destination before travelling.
Earning power
Salary & work
Labour-market strength
–Data not available
| Tech salary (estimate) | Varies substantially by city, seniority, and employer |
|---|---|
| Freelance | Market access depends on language, sector, and work authorisation |
| Job market | Use current local vacancy and salary data for role-specific decisions. |
Buying power
Purchasing power score
72Good
GNI / person$19,650 PPP (2025)
Consumption / person$12,523 PPP (2022)
Price level41 (US = 100) (2022)
Income inequality38.3 Gini (2022)
Inflation3.9% / yr (2025)
Cost of living
Affordability
85Excellent
Price level41 (US = 100) (2022)
| Rent | Varies substantially by city and neighbourhood |
|---|---|
| Monthly | €750 / mo (single) |
| Cities | Pristina, Prizren |
Economy
Economic strength
74Good
Output & income
GDP$12.5B (2025)
GDP / person$7,899 (2025)
GNI / person$19,650 PPP (2025)
GDP growth4.6% / yr (2024)
Sector composition
Agriculture7.4% of GDP (2025)
Industry25.0% of GDP (2025)
Services46.2% of GDP (2025)
Main industries
Mining (lignite, metals)AgricultureConstructionServices
Top exports
Base metals & mineralsAgricultural products
| Type | Lower-middle-income, remittance- and services-led |
|---|---|
| Key sectors | Mining & energy, Construction, Diaspora remittances |
| Summary | A young economy heavily supported by diaspora remittances, with mining, agriculture and construction. |
| Currency | Euro (used unilaterally) |
Business and wealth
Taxes
Tax friendliness
88Excellent
| Personal | Progressive, up to 10% |
|---|---|
| Corporate | 10% |
| Capital gains | Treatment varies by asset, holding structure, residence, and treaty position |
| Dividends | Rates and withholding depend on residence and treaty eligibility |
| Exit tax | Check current domestic rules before changing tax residence |
| Foreign companies | Management, permanent-establishment, CFC, and reporting rules may apply |
Personal tax
Personal tax
82Excellent
| Personal | Progressive, up to 10% |
|---|---|
| Freelance | Registration, immigration permission, tax, and social contributions may apply |
| Capital gains | Treatment varies by asset, holding structure, residence, and treaty position |
| Dividends | Rates and withholding depend on residence and treaty eligibility |
| Exit tax | Check current domestic rules before changing tax residence |
Corporate tax
Corporate tax
71Good
| Corporate | 10% |
|---|---|
| Capital gains | Treatment varies by asset, holding structure, residence, and treaty position |
| Dividends | Rates and withholding depend on residence and treaty eligibility |
| Foreign companies | Management, permanent-establishment, CFC, and reporting rules may apply |
Business
Business friendliness
52Moderate
Regulation & bureaucracy
Regulatory quality-0.22 (−2.5 to 2.5) (2024)
Government effectiveness-0.06 (−2.5 to 2.5) (2024)
Operating rules
| Foreign company | Generally possible, subject to sector, registration, tax, and substance rules |
|---|---|
| Local company | Available company forms and capital requirements vary |
| Freelance | Registration, immigration permission, tax, and social contributions may apply |
Investment
Investing environment
48Moderate
Private credit66% of GDP (2025)
| Capital gains | Treatment varies by asset, residence, holding period, and treaty position |
|---|---|
| Dividends | Data not available yet |
| ETFs & funds | Data not available yet |
| Wealth tax | Check current national and subnational rules |
| Brokers | Local and international availability varies by residency and compliance checks |
| Foreign access | Data not available yet |
| Tax-advantaged | Data not available yet |
Wealth building
Wealth accumulation
–Data not available
Salary & work
–Data not available
Business
52Moderate
Investment
48Moderate
Tax friendliness
88Excellent
Cost of living
85Excellent
Daily life
Safety
Safety & stability
68Good
Institutions & stability
Control of corruption-0.25 (−2.5 to 2.5) (2024)
Political stability-0.32 (−2.5 to 2.5) (2024)
Check current government travel and security advice before relocating.
Healthcare
Healthcare score
–Data not available
Outcomes
Life expectancy78.2 years (2024)
Under-5 mortality8.7 per 1,000 births (2024)
System & costs
| System | Public/private mix varies by eligibility and residence status |
|---|---|
| Insurance | Check residence-permit and local coverage requirements |
| Average cost | Depends on eligibility, income, insurer, and chosen coverage |
Environment
Environment score
–Data not available
Infrastructure
Infrastructure score
–Data not available
Utilities
Electricity access100.0% (1999)
Grid losses15.0% of output (2014)
Education
Education score
–Data not available
| Tuition | €1,000–4,000 / yr |
|---|---|
| Public university | Varies by institution, programme, and student nationality |
| Languages | Albanian, Serbian |
| Student work | Rules depend on status and circumstances; verify the current requirements with the competent authority before acting. |
HDI
Human development score
–Data not available
Rights and institutions
Freedom
Freedom score
60Moderate
| Freedom in the World | 60 / 100 (Partly free) |
|---|
Sources
Rule of law
Rule of law score
42Limited
| Rule of Law percentile | 42 / 100 |
|---|
Sources
Resources
Data is illustrative. Not legal or tax advice.