Latvia

Northern Europe

EuropeEUSchengen

An EU and Schengen member with a top-tier passport, residence by investment and a digital-nomad visa, but a long 10-year naturalisation wait.

Overall score

Good · 93% data coverage

Language

Latvian

Currency

EUR

Citizenship

10 years (typically)

Personal tax

Progressive, up to 36%

Cost of living

€1,150 / mo (single)

Rules change often. Confirm any immigration, tax or legal decision with a qualified professional.

Score breakdown

Access

17%

65Residence12%

44Citizenship and passport5%

Earning power

25%

64Salary and work12%

76Buying power13%

Business and wealth

20%

68Taxes7%

72Business8%

41Investment5%

Daily life

25%

80Quality of life18%

87Education7%

Rights and institutions

13%

89Freedom6%

80Rule of law7%

Pros

A top-tier passport
Residence by investment
A digital-nomad visa

Cons

A long 10-year naturalisation wait

Best for

Remote workersFoundersInvestors

Score profile

Access

Residence

Citizenship

Passport

Earning power

Salary & work

Buying power

Cost of living

Economy

Business and wealth

Taxes

Personal tax

Corporate tax

Business

Investment

Wealth building

Daily life

Safety

Healthcare

Environment

Infrastructure

Education

HDI

Rights and institutions

Freedom

Rule of law

How the scores are calculated

Access

Residence

Openness to residents

Good

Migrant stock11.8% of population (2024)

Regulatory quality1.10 (−2.5 to 2.5) (2024)

Source: World Bank World Development Indicators

Main pathways

EmploymentStudyFamily reunificationBusiness or investment where eligible

Student	Rules depend on status and circumstances; verify the current requirements with the competent authority before acting.
Work	Rules depend on status and circumstances; verify the current requirements with the competent authority before acting.
Self-employed	Rules depend on status and circumstances; verify the current requirements with the competent authority before acting.
Permanent	Rules depend on status and circumstances; verify the current requirements with the competent authority before acting.

Citizenship

Citizenship accessibility

Limited

Years required	10 years (typically)
Dual allowed	Depends on route and existing nationality
Language	Check the current naturalisation rules for the selected route
Residence	Typical headline route: 10 years (typically); qualifying residence and absence rules apply
Notes	Rules depend on status and circumstances; verify the current requirements with the competent authority before acting.

Passport

Passport power

Excellent

183 / 198

Mobility

#12

Global rank

Yes

Biometric

Visa-free137
On arrival38
eTA8
Visa required15

Placeholder estimates for 2024 to 2025. Check entry rules with each destination before travelling.

Earning power

Salary & work

Labour-market strength

Moderate

Output per worker$78,505 PPP (2024)

Unemployment6.6% (2025)

Participation60.5% of 15+ (2025)

Source: World Bank World Development Indicators

Mean monthly earnings of employees

Overall$1,889 · $3,274 PPP (2024)

Tech (IT & comms)$2,838 · $4,919 PPP (2024)

Source: ILOSTAT (International Labour Organization)

Freelance	Market access depends on language, sector, and work authorisation
Job market	Use current local vacancy and salary data for role-specific decisions.

Buying power

Purchasing power score

Good

GNI / person$45,740 PPP (2025)

Consumption / person$25,072 PPP (2023)

Price level62 (US = 100) (2025)

Income inequality34.0 Gini (2023)

Inflation3.7% / yr (2025)

Source: World Bank World Development Indicators

Cost of living

Affordability

Moderate

Price level62 (US = 100) (2025)

Source: World Bank World Development Indicators

Rent	Varies substantially by city and neighbourhood
Monthly	€1,150 / mo (single)
Cities	Riga, Daugavpils, Liepāja

Economy

Economic strength

Good

Output & income

GDP$48.6B (2025)

GDP / person$26,312 (2025)

GNI / person$45,740 PPP (2025)

GDP growth-0.0% / yr (2024)

Source: World Bank World Development Indicators

Stability & labour

Inflation3.7% / yr (2025)

Unemployment6.6% (2025)

Output per worker$78,505 PPP (2024)

Source: World Bank World Development Indicators

Sector composition

Agriculture4.0% of GDP (2025)

Industry18.7% of GDP (2025)

Services64.2% of GDP (2025)

Source: World Bank World Development Indicators

Main industries

Wood & forestryLogistics & transitFood processingInformation technologyManufacturing

Top exports

Wood & timberFood productsMachineryMetals

Type	High-income, services- and logistics-led
Key sectors	Transit & ports, Forestry, IT services
Summary	A Baltic economy leaning on timber, transit logistics and a growing IT and services sector.
Currency	Euro (eurozone member)

Business and wealth

Taxes

Tax friendliness

Good

Personal	Progressive, up to 36%
Corporate	20% on distributed profits
Capital gains	Treatment varies by asset, holding structure, residence, and treaty position
Dividends	Rates and withholding depend on residence and treaty eligibility
Exit tax	Check current domestic rules before changing tax residence
Foreign companies	Management, permanent-establishment, CFC, and reporting rules may apply

Personal tax

Limited

Personal	Progressive, up to 36%
Freelance	Registration, immigration permission, tax, and social contributions may apply
Capital gains	Treatment varies by asset, holding structure, residence, and treaty position
Dividends	Rates and withholding depend on residence and treaty eligibility
Exit tax	Check current domestic rules before changing tax residence

Corporate tax

Limited

Corporate	20% on distributed profits
Capital gains	Treatment varies by asset, holding structure, residence, and treaty position
Dividends	Rates and withholding depend on residence and treaty eligibility
Foreign companies	Management, permanent-establishment, CFC, and reporting rules may apply

Business

Business friendliness

Good

Regulation & bureaucracy

Regulatory quality1.10 (−2.5 to 2.5) (2024)

Government effectiveness0.74 (−2.5 to 2.5) (2024)

Source: World Bank World Development Indicators

Operating rules

Foreign company	Generally possible, subject to sector, registration, tax, and substance rules
Local company	Available company forms and capital requirements vary
Freelance	Registration, immigration permission, tax, and social contributions may apply

Investment

Investing environment

Limited

Private credit29% of GDP (2024)

Source: World Bank World Development Indicators

Capital gains	Treatment varies by asset, residence, holding period, and treaty position
Dividends	Data not available yet
ETFs & funds	Data not available yet
Wealth tax	Check current national and subnational rules
Brokers	Local and international availability varies by residency and compliance checks
Foreign access	Data not available yet
Tax-advantaged	Data not available yet

Wealth building

Wealth accumulation

Moderate

Salary & work

Moderate

Business

Good

Investment

Limited

Tax friendliness

Good

Cost of living

Moderate

Daily life

Safety

Safety & stability

Good

Personal safety

Homicide rate2.5 per 100,000 (2023)

Source: World Bank World Development Indicators

Institutions & stability

Control of corruption0.83 (−2.5 to 2.5) (2024)

Political stability0.62 (−2.5 to 2.5) (2024)

Source: World Bank World Development Indicators

Check current government travel and security advice before relocating.

Healthcare

Healthcare score

Excellent

Outcomes

Life expectancy76.4 years (2024)

Under-5 mortality2.5 per 1,000 births (2024)

Source: World Bank World Development Indicators

Capacity & resourcing

Physicians3.40 per 1,000 (2022)

Hospital beds4.95 per 1,000 (2023)

Health spending$3,034 PPP / person (2023)

Source: World Bank World Development Indicators

System & costs

System	Public/private mix varies by eligibility and residence status
Insurance	Check residence-permit and local coverage requirements
Average cost	Depends on eligibility, income, insurer, and chosen coverage

Environment

Environment score

Excellent

Environmental pressure

PM2.5 exposure13.0 μg/m³ annually (2023)

Water stress1.0% (2022)

Source: World Bank World Development Indicators

Infrastructure

Infrastructure score

Excellent

Digital infrastructure

Internet use92.7% (2024)

Internet resilience78 / 100 (2026)

Fixed speed82 / 100 download index (2026)

Mobile speed77 / 100 download index (2026)

Sources: World Bank World Development Indicators · Internet Society Pulse Internet Resilience Index

Utilities

Electricity access100.0% (2023)

Grid losses5.8% of output (2024)

Source: World Bank World Development Indicators

Transport

Transport quality3.30 / 5 (2022)

Rail density29.9 km / 1,000 km² (2021)

Air connectivity23,403 departures / million people (2023)

Source: World Bank World Development Indicators

Education

Education score

Excellent

Attainment

Expected schooling16.5 years (2023)

Mean schooling13.4 years (2023)

Source: UNDP Human Development Report 2025

Participation & investment

Tertiary enrolment83% gross (2024)

Education spending4.3% of GDP (2022)

Source: World Bank World Development Indicators

Tuition	€2,500–10,000 / yr
Public university	Varies by institution, programme, and student nationality
Languages	Latvian
Student work	Rules depend on status and circumstances; verify the current requirements with the competent authority before acting.

HDI

Human development score

Excellent

HDI0.889 (2023)

Source: UNDP Human Development Report 2025

Long & healthy life

Life expectancy76.2 years (2023)

Source: UNDP Human Development Report 2025

Knowledge

Expected schooling16.5 years (2023)

Mean schooling13.4 years (2023)

Source: UNDP Human Development Report 2025