Netherlands

Netherlands

Western Europe

EuropeEUSchengen
77
Overall score
Strong overall
Language
Dutch
Currency
EUR
Citizenship
5 years
Personal tax
Up to 49.5%
Cost of living
€2,100 / mo (single)

Highly English-fluent, business-friendly EU hub with excellent infrastructure and a startup visa, though naturalisation usually requires renouncing your old passport.

Pros

  • Very high English fluency
  • Startup & DAFT (US) visas
  • Strong salaries & quality of life

Cons

  • Dual citizenship usually not allowed
  • Housing shortage
  • Box 3 wealth taxation disputes

Best for

Tech workersFoundersEnglish-speaking professionals

Score profile

Status & mobility
Passport
96
Citizenship
54
Residence
63
Money & business
Taxes
46
Corporate tax
46
Business
57
Investment
74
Economy
81
Wealth building
66
Living, study & work
Education
91
Salary & work
77
Cost of living
47
Buying power
82
Quality of life
Safety
84
Healthcare
87
Infrastructure
90
HDI
96

Status & mobility

Passport

Rules change often and depend on your situation. Confirm any travel or visa decision with a qualified professional, or do your own research, before acting.

Passport power
Excellent
96

Passport-index style mobility for the Netherlands passport. The score above is its world reach: the share of 198 destinations reachable without a prior visa.

190 / 198
Mobility
#5
Global rank
Yes
Biometric
  • Visa-free143
  • On arrival38
  • eTA9
  • Visa required8

Passport Index style mobility data (2024–2025 estimate). Placeholder figures; verify current entry rules with each destination’s authority before travelling.

Citizenship

Rules change often and depend on your situation. Confirm any citizenship decision with a qualified professional, or do your own research, before acting.

Citizenship accessibility
Moderate
54
Years required5
Dual allowedGenerally no: must renounce (some exceptions)
LanguageA2 Dutch civic integration exam
Residence5 years continuous legal residence
NotesMost naturalising adults must give up their original nationality, with limited exceptions.
Residence

Rules change often and depend on your situation. Confirm any residence / visa decision with a qualified professional, or do your own research, before acting.

Openness to residents
Moderate
63
How this score is calculated

Our 0–100 score combines how international the population already is (migrant stock at 45%), governance quality (regulatory quality at 25%), and the curated residence-pathway signal (30%). Available indicators are reweighted; the published values are shown below.

Migrant stock16.2% of population (2024)
Regulatory quality1.72 (−2.5 to 2.5) (2024)

Source: World Bank World Development Indicators

Main pathways
Highly Skilled MigrantStartup visaDAFT (US nationals)EU Blue Card
StudentStudent residence; 16 hrs/week or full-time summer work.
WorkHighly Skilled Migrant via recognised sponsor + salary threshold.
Self-employedStartup visa (1 yr) → self-employment residence; DAFT for Americans.
PermanentPR after 5 years.

Money & business

Taxes

Rules change often and depend on your situation. Confirm any tax decision with a qualified professional, or do your own research, before acting.

Tax friendliness
Moderate
46
PersonalUp to 49.5%; 30%/27% ruling for qualifying expats
Corporate19% up to €200k, 25.8% above
Capital gainsNo classic CGT: Box 3 taxes a deemed return on net assets
DividendsBox 2: 24.5–31% for substantial shareholders
Exit taxYes: for substantial (5%+) shareholdings
Foreign cosCFC rules apply
Personal tax

Rules change often and depend on your situation. Confirm any tax decision with a qualified professional, or do your own research, before acting.

Personal tax
Low
10
PersonalUp to 49.5%; 30%/27% ruling for qualifying expats
FreelanceZZP self-employed; VAR/DBA rules on disguised employment
Capital gainsNo classic CGT: Box 3 taxes a deemed return on net assets
DividendsBox 2: 24.5–31% for substantial shareholders
Exit taxYes: for substantial (5%+) shareholdings
Corporate tax

Rules change often and depend on your situation. Confirm any tax decision with a qualified professional, or do your own research, before acting.

Corporate tax
Moderate
46
Corporate19% up to €200k, 25.8% above
Capital gainsNo classic CGT: Box 3 taxes a deemed return on net assets
DividendsBox 2: 24.5–31% for substantial shareholders
Foreign cosCFC rules apply
Business
Business friendliness
Moderate
57
How this score is calculated

Our 0–100 score leans on the two things founders ask about most: the tax burden (headline corporate rate at 20%, broader tax friendliness at 15%, and freedom from exit-tax / CFC rules at 10%) plus the regulatory and bureaucratic environment (regulatory quality 15%, government effectiveness 15%), on top of the curated company-rules signal (25%). Available indicators are reweighted; the values are shown below.

Regulation & bureaucracy
Regulatory quality1.72 (−2.5 to 2.5) (2024)
Government effectiveness1.75 (−2.5 to 2.5) (2024)

Source: World Bank World Development Indicators

Rules & taxes
Foreign co.Yes: full foreign ownership
Local co.BV via notary in days; €0.01 min capital
FreelanceZZP self-employed; VAR/DBA rules on disguised employment
Corporate tax19% up to €200k, 25.8% above
Capital gainsNo classic CGT: Box 3 taxes a deemed return on net assets
Exit taxYes: for substantial (5%+) shareholdings
Foreign cosCFC rules apply
Investment

Rules change often and depend on your situation. Confirm any investment / tax decision with a qualified professional, or do your own research, before acting.

Investing environment
Good
74
How this score is calculated

Our 0–100 score is mostly the investor-tax signal (capital-gains treatment, broker access, wealth tax, and ETF or other taxes on investment, 70%), lightly contextualised by equity-market depth (market cap / GDP at 18%) and credit depth (domestic credit to the private sector / GDP at 12%). Available indicators are reweighted.

Market cap130% of GDP (2017)
Private credit82% of GDP (2024)

Source: World Bank World Development Indicators

Capital gainsBox 3 taxes deemed return on assets; reform ongoing
DividendsData not available yet
ETFs & fundsData not available yet
Wealth taxEffectively via Box 3 deemed-return taxation
BrokersExcellent: DEGIRO (NL-based), Interactive Brokers
Foreign accessData not available yet
Tax-advantagedData not available yet
Economy
Economic strength
Excellent
81
How this score is calculated

Our 0–100 score combines income level (GDP and GNI per capita, output per worker), growth momentum (real GDP growth), price stability (inflation) and labour utilisation (unemployment). Available indicators are reweighted; the sector split and industry profile below are descriptive, not scored.

Output & income
GDP$1.2T (2024)
GDP / person$67,520 (2024)
GNI / person$84,970 PPP (2024)
GDP growth1.1% / yr (2024)

Source: World Bank World Development Indicators

Stability & labour
Inflation3.3% / yr (2024)
Unemployment3.9% (2025)
Output per worker$127,705 PPP (2024)

Source: World Bank World Development Indicators

Sector composition
Agriculture1.7% of GDP (2024)
Industry17.5% of GDP (2024)
Services70.5% of GDP (2024)

Source: World Bank World Development Indicators

Main industries
Logistics & tradeAgriculture & horticultureChemicalsTechnology & semiconductorsFinancial services
Top exports
Machinery & semiconductor equipmentRefined fuels & chemicalsAgricultural & horticultural products
TypeHigh-income, trade- and services-led
Key sectorsRotterdam port & logistics, High-tech (ASML ecosystem), Agri-food exports
SummaryA trading hub with Europe's largest port, world-class agri-exports and a high-tech semiconductor cluster.
CurrencyEuro (eurozone member)
Wealth building

Rules change often and depend on your situation. Confirm any tax / investment decision with a qualified professional, or do your own research, before acting.

Wealth accumulation
Good
66
How this score is calculated

How favourable Netherlands is for building wealth: earnings and business/investment upside, tax drag, and how much a typical income keeps after living costs. Estimated from the factors below.

Salary & work
Excellent
88
Business
Moderate
63
Investment
Good
74
Tax friendliness
Moderate
46
Cost of living
Moderate
47

Living, study & work

Education
Education score
Excellent
91
How this score is calculated

Our 0–100 score combines attainment (expected schooling at 30% and mean schooling at 25%) with participation (tertiary enrolment at 25%) and public investment (government education spending at 20%). Available indicators are reweighted; tuition and study rules remain separate profile fields below.

Attainment
Expected schooling18.6 years (2023)
Mean schooling12.7 years (2023)

Source: UNDP Human Development Report 2025

Participation & investment
Tertiary enrolment87% gross (2023)
Education spending5.2% of GDP (2022)

Source: World Bank World Development Indicators

Tuition€2,500 (EU statutory) / €8,000–20,000 (non-EU)
Public uniEU students pay statutory fee (~€2,530)
LanguagesEnglish (very many programs), Dutch
Student work16 hrs/week term-time or full-time in summer (work permit)
Salary & work
Labour-market strength
Good
77
How this score is calculated

Our 0–100 score combines output per worker (a proxy for wage potential at 40%), unemployment (35%) and labour-force participation (25%). Available indicators are reweighted; the curated profile fields remain below.

Output per worker$127,705 PPP (2024)
Unemployment3.9% (2025)
Participation67.2% of 15+ (2025)

Source: World Bank World Development Indicators

Mean monthly earnings of employees
Overall$5,147 · $6,410 PPP (2024)
Tech (IT & comms)$7,029 · $8,753 PPP (2024)

Source: ILOSTAT (International Labour Organization)

FreelanceLarge ZZP contracting market; English-friendly
Job marketAmsterdam/Eindhoven tech hubs; 30% ruling boosts net pay.
Cost of living
Affordability
Moderate
47

Our 0–100 affordability score is derived from the local consumer price level (World Bank, US = 100): the cheaper everyday prices are, the higher it scores. Lower price level means your money goes further here.

Price level80 (US = 100) (2024)

Source: World Bank World Development Indicators

Rent€1,500–2,200 (1BR Amsterdam)
Monthly€2,100
CitiesAmsterdam, Rotterdam, Eindhoven, Utrecht
Buying power
Purchasing power score
Excellent
82
How this score is calculated

Our 0–100 score estimates how far money goes for the typical person here. It combines GNI per capita at PPP (30%) and actual household consumption per person at PPP (15%) with a price-advantage term from the local price level (25%) that rewards lower prices, then adjusts for income equality via the Gini index (20%), so unequal economies don't ride a high average, plus price stability via consumer inflation (10%). Available indicators are reweighted; it is a comparison, not a personal budget estimate.

GNI / person$84,970 PPP (2024)
Consumption / person$33,568 PPP (2023)
Price level80 (US = 100) (2024)
Income inequality25.7 Gini (2021)
Inflation3.3% / yr (2024)

Source: World Bank World Development Indicators

Quality of life

Safety
Safety & stability
Excellent
84
How this score is calculated

Our 0–100 score combines personal safety (intentional homicide rate at 35%), institutional quality (rule of law at 25% and control of corruption at 20%), and political stability and absence of violence (20%). Available indicators are reweighted; the published values are shown below. Always check current government travel and security advice before relocating.

Personal safety
Homicide rate0.7 per 100,000 (2023)

Source: World Bank World Development Indicators

Institutions & stability
Rule of law1.71 (−2.5 to 2.5) (2024)
Control of corruption1.91 (−2.5 to 2.5) (2024)
Political stability0.43 (−2.5 to 2.5) (2024)

Source: World Bank World Development Indicators

Healthcare
Healthcare score
Excellent
87
How this score is calculated

Our 0–100 score combines health outcomes (life expectancy at 25% and under-5 mortality at 20%) with system capacity (physicians at 20% and hospital beds at 15% per 1,000 people) and health spending per capita (20%). Available indicators are reweighted; the published values are shown below.

Outcomes
Life expectancy82.0 years (2024)
Under-5 mortality3.9 per 1,000 births (2024)

Source: World Bank World Development Indicators

Capacity & resourcing
Physicians3.88 per 1,000 (2022)
Hospital beds2.42 per 1,000 (2022)
Health spending$8,195 PPP / person (2024)

Source: World Bank World Development Indicators

System & costs
SystemMandatory private insurance, universal regulated
InsuranceCompulsory basic health insurance for residents
Avg cost€130–160 / mo basic premium
Infrastructure
Infrastructure score
Excellent
90
How this score is calculated

The score combines digital access, resilience and download performance (30%), electricity access and network losses (30%), and transport infrastructure covering rail, logistics and aviation (40%). Available inputs are reweighted, but a country needs both digital and transport data to receive a score.

Digital infrastructure
Internet use97.0% (2024)
Internet resilience83 / 100 (2026)
Fixed speed90 / 100 download index (2026)
Mobile speed79 / 100 download index (2026)

Sources: World Bank World Development Indicators · Internet Society Pulse Internet Resilience Index

Utilities
Electricity access100.0% (2023)
Grid losses3.8% of output (2024)

Source: World Bank World Development Indicators

Transport
Transport quality4.20 / 5 (2022)
Rail density90.3 km / 1,000 km² (2021)
Air connectivity17,086 departures / million people (2023)

Source: World Bank World Development Indicators

HDI
Human development score
Excellent
96
How this score is calculated

The UN Human Development Index is the geometric mean of three dimension indices (a long and healthy life, knowledge, and a decent standard of living), shown on a 0–100 map scale (HDI × 100). The 2023 UNDP inputs behind each dimension are listed below.

HDI0.955 (2023)

Source: UNDP Human Development Report 2025

Long & healthy life
Life expectancy82.2 years (2023)

Source: UNDP Human Development Report 2025

Knowledge
Expected schooling18.6 years (2023)
Mean schooling12.7 years (2023)

Source: UNDP Human Development Report 2025

Standard of living
GNI / person$68,344 PPP (2023)

Source: UNDP Human Development Report 2025

Resources

Mock data for demonstration only. Not legal or tax advice.