Nigeria

Nigeria

Western Africa

Africa
44
Overall score
Limited overall
Language
English
Currency
NGN
Citizenship
15 years
Personal tax
Up to 25% headline
Cost of living
Consumer price level 18 (world = 100, 2024)

A very low-cost West African economy with English as a working language, but a weak passport (~44 destinations), a long 15-year naturalization wait and weak institutions.

Pros

  • Relative affordability score 100/100
  • Human development score 56/100
  • Internet use 41%

Cons

  • Passport mobility score 23/100
  • Institutional environment score 37/100
  • Tax friendliness score 46/100

Best for

English-speaking applicantsCost-conscious residentsPeople with a confirmed local employment or study route

Score profile

Status & mobility
Passport
24
Citizenship
61
Residence
24
Money & business
Taxes
46
Corporate tax
14
Business
31
Investment
32
Economy
42
Wealth building
56
Living, study & work
Education
35
Salary & work
64
Cost of living
100
Buying power
63
Quality of life
Safety
22
Healthcare
15
Infrastructure
46
HDI
56

Status & mobility

Passport

Rules change often and depend on your situation. Confirm any travel or visa decision with a qualified professional, or do your own research, before acting.

Passport power
Low
24

Passport-index style mobility for the Nigeria passport. The score above is its world reach: the share of 198 destinations reachable without a prior visa.

47 / 198
Mobility
#94
Global rank
Yes
Biometric
  • Visa-free19
  • On arrival25
  • eTA3
  • Visa required151

Passport Index style mobility data (2024–2025 estimate). Placeholder figures; verify current entry rules with each destination’s authority before travelling.

Citizenship

Rules change often and depend on your situation. Confirm any citizenship decision with a qualified professional, or do your own research, before acting.

Citizenship accessibility
Moderate
61
Years required15 years
Dual allowedtrue
LanguageLanguage, integration, character, and documentation requirements depend on the nationality law and route.
ResidenceHeadline ordinary naturalization period: 15 years. Continuous residence and absence rules may apply.
NotesThis is a statutory headline from a sourced comparison table. Confirm the current nationality law and administrative practice before relying on it.
Residence

Rules change often and depend on your situation. Confirm any residence / visa decision with a qualified professional, or do your own research, before acting.

Openness to residents
Low
24
How this score is calculated

Our 0–100 score combines how international the population already is (migrant stock at 45%), governance quality (regulatory quality at 25%), and the curated residence-pathway signal (30%). Available indicators are reweighted; the published values are shown below.

Migrant stock0.6% of population (2024)
Regulatory quality-0.63 (−2.5 to 2.5) (2024)

Source: World Bank World Development Indicators

Main pathways
Employment residenceStudy residenceFamily reunificationBusiness or investment residence where eligible
StudentAdmission, proof of funds, accommodation, insurance, and immigration approval are normally required; work rights vary.
WorkA local employer, qualifying occupation, or other work authorization is normally required; labour-market tests may apply.
Self-employedBusiness registration, tax registration, and a residence or work authorization suitable for self-employment are generally required.
PermanentEligibility depends on years and continuity of lawful residence, route, income, character, and country-specific legislation.

Money & business

Taxes

Rules change often and depend on your situation. Confirm any tax decision with a qualified professional, or do your own research, before acting.

Tax friendliness
Moderate
46
Personal25%*; ; * The Individual Income Tax rate is a graduated scale with top rate of 25%. The taxable income ascertained is taxable at the following rates. ; ; (a) First N800,000 at 0%; ; ; (b) Next N2,200,000 at 15%; ; ; (c) Next N9,000,000 at 18%; ; ; (d) Next N13,000,000 at 21%; ; ; (e) Next N25,000,000 at 23%; and ; ; (f) Above N50,000,000 at 25%.
Corporate30% for large companies; ; 0% for small companies
Capital gainsTreatment varies by asset, entity, residence, holding period, and domestic exemptions; consult the current country summary.
DividendsDomestic and withholding rates vary with residence, ownership, and treaty eligibility.
Exit taxNo harmonized cross-country answer; verify current deemed-disposal and residence-cessation rules.
Foreign cosPermanent-establishment, management-and-control, transfer-pricing, withholding, and reporting rules may apply.
Personal tax

Rules change often and depend on your situation. Confirm any tax decision with a qualified professional, or do your own research, before acting.

Personal tax
Moderate
55
Personal25%*; ; * The Individual Income Tax rate is a graduated scale with top rate of 25%. The taxable income ascertained is taxable at the following rates. ; ; (a) First N800,000 at 0%; ; ; (b) Next N2,200,000 at 15%; ; ; (c) Next N9,000,000 at 18%; ; ; (d) Next N13,000,000 at 21%; ; ; (e) Next N25,000,000 at 23%; and ; ; (f) Above N50,000,000 at 25%.
FreelanceFreelancers typically need appropriate immigration permission plus business and tax registration.
Capital gainsTreatment varies by asset, entity, residence, holding period, and domestic exemptions; consult the current country summary.
DividendsDomestic and withholding rates vary with residence, ownership, and treaty eligibility.
Exit taxNo harmonized cross-country answer; verify current deemed-disposal and residence-cessation rules.
Corporate tax

Rules change often and depend on your situation. Confirm any tax decision with a qualified professional, or do your own research, before acting.

Corporate tax
Low
14
Corporate30% for large companies; ; 0% for small companies
Capital gainsTreatment varies by asset, entity, residence, holding period, and domestic exemptions; consult the current country summary.
DividendsDomestic and withholding rates vary with residence, ownership, and treaty eligibility.
Foreign cosPermanent-establishment, management-and-control, transfer-pricing, withholding, and reporting rules may apply.
Business
Business friendliness
Limited
31
How this score is calculated

Our 0–100 score leans on the two things founders ask about most: the tax burden (headline corporate rate at 20%, broader tax friendliness at 15%, and freedom from exit-tax / CFC rules at 10%) plus the regulatory and bureaucratic environment (regulatory quality 15%, government effectiveness 15%), on top of the curated company-rules signal (25%). Available indicators are reweighted; the values are shown below.

Regulation & bureaucracy
Regulatory quality-0.63 (−2.5 to 2.5) (2024)
Government effectiveness-1.01 (−2.5 to 2.5) (2024)

Source: World Bank World Development Indicators

Rules & taxes
Foreign co.Foreign ownership is generally possible, subject to sector restrictions, licensing, local-participation rules, and beneficial-ownership checks.
Local co.Local company forms are available; registration, tax, capital, director, address, and licensing requirements vary.
FreelanceFreelancers typically need appropriate immigration permission plus business and tax registration.
Corporate tax30% for large companies; ; 0% for small companies
Capital gainsTreatment varies by asset, entity, residence, holding period, and domestic exemptions; consult the current country summary.
Exit taxNo harmonized cross-country answer; verify current deemed-disposal and residence-cessation rules.
Foreign cosPermanent-establishment, management-and-control, transfer-pricing, withholding, and reporting rules may apply.
Investment

Rules change often and depend on your situation. Confirm any investment / tax decision with a qualified professional, or do your own research, before acting.

Investing environment
Limited
32
How this score is calculated

Our 0–100 score is mostly the investor-tax signal (capital-gains treatment, broker access, wealth tax, and ETF or other taxes on investment, 70%), lightly contextualised by equity-market depth (market cap / GDP at 18%) and credit depth (domestic credit to the private sector / GDP at 12%). Available indicators are reweighted.

Market cap22% of GDP (2024)
Private credit10% of GDP (2022)

Source: World Bank World Development Indicators

Capital gainsCapital-gains treatment varies by asset, holding structure, residence, and treaty position.
DividendsData not available yet
ETFs & fundsData not available yet
Wealth taxVerify current national and subnational net-wealth, property, inheritance, and transfer taxes.
BrokersLocal and international broker access depends on residency, exchange controls, sanctions screening, and platform onboarding.
Foreign accessData not available yet
Tax-advantagedData not available yet
Economy
Economic strength
Limited
42
How this score is calculated

Our 0–100 score combines income level (GDP and GNI per capita, output per worker), growth momentum (real GDP growth), price stability (inflation) and labour utilisation (unemployment). Available indicators are reweighted; the sector split and industry profile below are descriptive, not scored.

Output & income
GDP$252.3B (2024)
GDP / person$1,084 (2024)
GNI / person$8,850 PPP (2024)
GDP growth4.1% / yr (2024)

Source: World Bank World Development Indicators

Stability & labour
Inflation33.2% / yr (2024)
Unemployment3.1% (2025)
Output per worker$16,930 PPP (2024)

Source: World Bank World Development Indicators

Sector composition
Agriculture25.9% of GDP (2024)
Industry18.2% of GDP (2024)
Services53.7% of GDP (2024)

Source: World Bank World Development Indicators

Main industries
Oil & gasAgricultureTelecomsFinancial servicesEntertainment (Nollywood)
Top exports
Crude oilLNGCocoaAgricultural products
TypeLower-middle-income, oil- and services-led
Key sectorsOil & gas (the fiscal backbone), Telecoms & fintech, Agriculture
SummaryAfrica's most populous nation and a leading oil producer, with a fast-growing tech, telecoms and film sector.
CurrencyNigerian naira
Wealth building

Rules change often and depend on your situation. Confirm any tax / investment decision with a qualified professional, or do your own research, before acting.

Wealth accumulation
Moderate
56
How this score is calculated

How favourable Nigeria is for building wealth: earnings and business/investment upside, tax drag, and how much a typical income keeps after living costs. Estimated from the factors below.

Salary & work
Good
69
Business
Limited
33
Investment
Limited
41
Tax friendliness
Moderate
46
Cost of living
Excellent
100

Living, study & work

Education
Education score
Limited
35
How this score is calculated

Our 0–100 score combines attainment (expected schooling at 30% and mean schooling at 25%) with participation (tertiary enrolment at 25%) and public investment (government education spending at 20%). Available indicators are reweighted; tuition and study rules remain separate profile fields below.

Attainment
Expected schooling10.5 years (2023)
Mean schooling7.6 years (2023)

Source: UNDP Human Development Report 2025

Participation & investment
Tertiary enrolment10% gross (2011)
Education spending0.3% of GDP (2023)

Source: World Bank World Development Indicators

TuitionFees vary by institution, programme, level, and nationality; no harmonized official tuition series is used.
Public uniCheck current public-university fee schedules and scholarship rules directly with each institution.
LanguagesEnglish
Student workStudent employment rights vary by permit and may require separate authorization or hour limits.
Salary & work
Labour-market strength
Moderate
64
How this score is calculated

Our 0–100 score combines output per worker (a proxy for wage potential at 40%), unemployment (35%) and labour-force participation (25%). Available indicators are reweighted; the curated profile fields remain below.

Output per worker$16,930 PPP (2024)
Unemployment3.1% (2025)
Participation82.5% of 15+ (2025)

Source: World Bank World Development Indicators

Mean monthly earnings of employees
Overall$34 · $188 PPP (2024)
Tech (IT & comms)$60 · $335 PPP (2024)

Source: ILOSTAT (International Labour Organization)

FreelanceInternet use is 41%; remote and freelance access still depends on payments, language, regulation, and immigration status.
Job marketLatest comparable unemployment rate: 3.1%. Role-specific demand varies substantially by city and sector.
Cost of living
Affordability
Excellent
100

Our 0–100 affordability score is derived from the local consumer price level (World Bank, US = 100): the cheaper everyday prices are, the higher it scores. Lower price level means your money goes further here.

Price level18 (US = 100) (2024)

Source: World Bank World Development Indicators

RentModel benchmark: about $110 monthly housing share; derived from the World Bank consumer price level, not a market listing.
MonthlyModel benchmark: about $270 / month at a US$1,500 world-price baseline.
CitiesLagos, Kano, Abuja
Buying power
Purchasing power score
Moderate
63
How this score is calculated

Our 0–100 score estimates how far money goes for the typical person here. It combines GNI per capita at PPP (30%) and actual household consumption per person at PPP (15%) with a price-advantage term from the local price level (25%) that rewards lower prices, then adjusts for income equality via the Gini index (20%), so unequal economies don't ride a high average, plus price stability via consumer inflation (10%). Available indicators are reweighted; it is a comparison, not a personal budget estimate.

GNI / person$8,850 PPP (2024)
Price level18 (US = 100) (2024)
Income inequality33.9 Gini (2022)
Inflation33.2% / yr (2024)

Source: World Bank World Development Indicators

Quality of life

Safety
Safety & stability
Low
22
How this score is calculated

Our 0–100 score combines personal safety (intentional homicide rate at 35%), institutional quality (rule of law at 25% and control of corruption at 20%), and political stability and absence of violence (20%). Available indicators are reweighted; the published values are shown below. Always check current government travel and security advice before relocating.

Personal safety
Homicide rate15.7 per 100,000 (2023)

Source: World Bank World Development Indicators

Institutions & stability
Rule of law-1.01 (−2.5 to 2.5) (2024)
Control of corruption-1.11 (−2.5 to 2.5) (2024)
Political stability-2.00 (−2.5 to 2.5) (2024)

Source: World Bank World Development Indicators

Healthcare
Healthcare score
Low
15
How this score is calculated

Our 0–100 score combines health outcomes (life expectancy at 25% and under-5 mortality at 20%) with system capacity (physicians at 20% and hospital beds at 15% per 1,000 people) and health spending per capita (20%). Available indicators are reweighted; the published values are shown below.

Outcomes
Life expectancy54.6 years (2024)
Under-5 mortality115.6 per 1,000 births (2024)

Source: World Bank World Development Indicators

Capacity & resourcing
Physicians0.38 per 1,000 (2023)
Hospital beds0.50 per 1,000 (2004)
Health spending$260 PPP / person (2023)

Source: World Bank World Development Indicators

System & costs
SystemPublic and private provision coexist; eligibility, service quality, and capacity vary by location.
InsuranceInsurance and proof-of-cover requirements depend on immigration status, employer, and residence route.
Avg costHealth expenditure: $260 PPP per person (2023).
Infrastructure
Infrastructure score
Moderate
46
How this score is calculated

The score combines digital access, resilience and download performance (30%), electricity access and network losses (30%), and transport infrastructure covering rail, logistics and aviation (40%). Available inputs are reweighted, but a country needs both digital and transport data to receive a score.

Digital infrastructure
Internet use41.2% (2024)
Internet resilience41 / 100 (2026)
Fixed speed58 / 100 download index (2026)
Mobile speed59 / 100 download index (2026)

Sources: World Bank World Development Indicators · Internet Society Pulse Internet Resilience Index

Utilities
Electricity access61.2% (2023)
Grid losses14.2% of output (2023)

Source: World Bank World Development Indicators

Transport
Transport quality2.40 / 5 (2022)
Rail density3.9 km / 1,000 km² (2015)
Air connectivity264 departures / million people (2023)

Source: World Bank World Development Indicators

HDI
Human development score
Moderate
56
How this score is calculated

The UN Human Development Index is the geometric mean of three dimension indices (a long and healthy life, knowledge, and a decent standard of living), shown on a 0–100 map scale (HDI × 100). The 2023 UNDP inputs behind each dimension are listed below.

HDI0.560 (2023)

Source: UNDP Human Development Report 2025

Long & healthy life
Life expectancy54.5 years (2023)

Source: UNDP Human Development Report 2025

Knowledge
Expected schooling10.5 years (2023)
Mean schooling7.6 years (2023)

Source: UNDP Human Development Report 2025

Standard of living
GNI / person$5,569 PPP (2023)

Source: UNDP Human Development Report 2025

Resources

Mock data for demonstration only. Not legal or tax advice.