San Marino

Southern Europe

EuropeNon-EU

A low-tax European country with broad relocation pathways, but a very long 30-year citizenship wait and no dual citizenship.

–
Overall score
Insufficient data · 73% data coverage
Language
Italian
Currency
EUR
Citizenship
30 years
Personal tax
Progressive; verify current bands
Cost of living
€1,500 / mo (single)

Rules change often. Confirm any immigration, tax or legal decision with a qualified professional.

Score breakdown
56
Access
17%
72Residence12%
19Citizenship and passport5%
75
Earning power
25%
–Salary and work12%
75Buying power13%
65
Business and wealth
20%
72Taxes7%
67Business8%
50Investment5%
81
Daily life
25%
85Quality of life18%
69Education7%
89
Rights and institutions
13%
94Freedom6%
85Rule of law7%

Pros

  • Broad relocation pathways

Cons

  • A very long 30-year citizenship wait
  • No dual citizenship

Best for

Low-tax relocators

Score profile

Access
Residence
72
Citizenship
10
Passport
85
Earning power
Salary & work
–
Buying power
75
Cost of living
45
Economy
75
Business and wealth
Taxes
72
Personal tax
72
Corporate tax
51
Business
67
Investment
50
Wealth building
–
Daily life
Safety
79
Healthcare
91
Environment
83
Infrastructure
–
Education
69
HDI
92
Rights and institutions
Freedom
94
Rule of law
85
How the scores are calculated

Access

Residence
Openness to residents
Good
72
Migrant stock17.4% of population (2024)
Regulatory quality0.87 (−2.5 to 2.5) (2024)

Source: World Bank World Development Indicators

Main pathways
EmploymentStudyFamily reunificationBusiness or investment where eligible
StudentRules depend on status and circumstances; verify the current requirements with the competent authority before acting.
WorkRules depend on status and circumstances; verify the current requirements with the competent authority before acting.
Self-employedRules depend on status and circumstances; verify the current requirements with the competent authority before acting.
PermanentRules depend on status and circumstances; verify the current requirements with the competent authority before acting.
Citizenship
Citizenship accessibility
Low
10
Years required30 years
Dual allowedNo
LanguageCheck the current naturalisation rules for the selected route
ResidenceTypical headline route: 30 years; qualifying residence and absence rules apply
NotesRules depend on status and circumstances; verify the current requirements with the competent authority before acting.
Passport
Passport power
Excellent
85
168 / 198
Mobility
#23
Global rank
No
Biometric
  • Visa-free121
  • On arrival43
  • eTA4
  • Visa required30

Placeholder estimates for 2024 to 2025. Check entry rules with each destination before travelling.

Earning power

Salary & work
Labour-market strength
Data not available
–
Tech salary (estimate)Varies substantially by city, seniority, and employer
FreelanceMarket access depends on language, sector, and work authorisation
Job marketUse current local vacancy and salary data for role-specific decisions.
Buying power
Purchasing power score
Good
75
GNI / person$71,920 PPP (2023)
Consumption / person$27,995 PPP (2023)
Price level83 (US = 100) (2025)
Inflation2.3% / yr (2025)

Source: World Bank World Development Indicators

Cost of living
Affordability
Moderate
45
Price level83 (US = 100) (2025)

Source: World Bank World Development Indicators

RentVaries substantially by city and neighbourhood
Monthly€1,500 / mo (single)
CitiesCity of San Marino, Serravalle
Economy
Economic strength
Good
75
Output & income
GDP$2B (2023)
GDP / person$59,871 (2023)
GNI / person$71,920 PPP (2023)
GDP growth0.4% / yr (2023)

Source: World Bank World Development Indicators

Stability & labour
Inflation2.3% / yr (2025)

Source: World Bank World Development Indicators

Sector composition
Agriculture0.0% of GDP (2023)
Industry35.8% of GDP (2023)
Services56.9% of GDP (2023)

Source: World Bank World Development Indicators

Main industries
TourismBanking & financeCeramicsManufacturing
TypeHigh-income, tourism- and services-led
Key sectorsTourism, Banking, Light manufacturing
SummaryA microstate economy resting on tourism, finance and small-scale specialised manufacturing.
CurrencyEuro (used by agreement with the EU)

Business and wealth

Taxes
Tax friendliness
Good
72
PersonalProgressive; verify current bands
CorporateGenerally 17%
Capital gainsTreatment varies by asset, holding structure, residence, and treaty position
DividendsRates and withholding depend on residence and treaty eligibility
Exit taxCheck current domestic rules before changing tax residence
Foreign companiesManagement, permanent-establishment, CFC, and reporting rules may apply
Personal tax
Personal tax
Good
72
PersonalProgressive; verify current bands
FreelanceRegistration, immigration permission, tax, and social contributions may apply
Capital gainsTreatment varies by asset, holding structure, residence, and treaty position
DividendsRates and withholding depend on residence and treaty eligibility
Exit taxCheck current domestic rules before changing tax residence
Corporate tax
Corporate tax
Moderate
51
CorporateGenerally 17%
Capital gainsTreatment varies by asset, holding structure, residence, and treaty position
DividendsRates and withholding depend on residence and treaty eligibility
Foreign companiesManagement, permanent-establishment, CFC, and reporting rules may apply
Business
Business friendliness
Good
67
Regulation & bureaucracy
Regulatory quality0.87 (−2.5 to 2.5) (2024)
Government effectiveness0.90 (−2.5 to 2.5) (2024)

Source: World Bank World Development Indicators

Operating rules
Foreign companyGenerally possible, subject to sector, registration, tax, and substance rules
Local companyAvailable company forms and capital requirements vary
FreelanceRegistration, immigration permission, tax, and social contributions may apply
Investment
Investing environment
Moderate
50
Capital gainsTreatment varies by asset, residence, holding period, and treaty position
DividendsData not available yet
ETFs & fundsData not available yet
Wealth taxCheck current national and subnational rules
BrokersLocal and international availability varies by residency and compliance checks
Foreign accessData not available yet
Tax-advantagedData not available yet
Wealth building
Wealth accumulation
Data not available
–
Salary & work
Data not available
–
Business
Good
67
Investment
Moderate
50
Tax friendliness
Good
72
Cost of living
Moderate
45

Daily life

Safety
Safety & stability
Good
79
Personal safety
Homicide rate3.6 per 100,000 (2002)

Source: World Bank World Development Indicators

Institutions & stability
Control of corruption1.18 (−2.5 to 2.5) (2024)
Political stability1.37 (−2.5 to 2.5) (2024)

Source: World Bank World Development Indicators

Check current government travel and security advice before relocating.

Healthcare
Healthcare score
Excellent
91
Outcomes
Life expectancy85.8 years (2024)
Under-5 mortality1.3 per 1,000 births (2024)

Source: World Bank World Development Indicators

Capacity & resourcing
Physicians4.63 per 1,000 (2023)
Hospital beds3.35 per 1,000 (2014)
Health spending$5,231 PPP / person (2023)

Source: World Bank World Development Indicators

System & costs
SystemPublic/private mix varies by eligibility and residence status
InsuranceCheck residence-permit and local coverage requirements
Average costDepends on eligibility, income, insurer, and chosen coverage
Environment
Environment score
Excellent
83
Environmental pressure
PM2.5 exposure12.7 μg/m³ annually (2023)

Source: World Bank World Development Indicators

Infrastructure
Infrastructure score
Data not available
–
Digital infrastructure
Internet use97.4% (2024)
Internet resilience60 / 100 (2026)
Fixed speed76 / 100 download index (2026)
Mobile speed69 / 100 download index (2026)

Sources: World Bank World Development Indicators · Internet Society Pulse Internet Resilience Index

Utilities
Electricity access100.0% (2023)

Source: World Bank World Development Indicators

Education
Education score
Good
69
Attainment
Expected schooling14.6 years (2023)
Mean schooling11.4 years (2023)

Source: UNDP Human Development Report 2025

Participation & investment
Tertiary enrolment58% gross (2024)
Education spending2.9% of GDP (2022)

Source: World Bank World Development Indicators

TuitionLimited local provision; costs vary
Public universityVaries by institution, programme, and student nationality
LanguagesItalian
Student workRules depend on status and circumstances; verify the current requirements with the competent authority before acting.
HDI
Human development score
Excellent
92
HDI0.915 (2023)

Source: UNDP Human Development Report 2025

Long & healthy life
Life expectancy85.7 years (2023)

Source: UNDP Human Development Report 2025

Knowledge
Expected schooling14.6 years (2023)
Mean schooling11.4 years (2023)

Source: UNDP Human Development Report 2025

Standard of living
GNI / person$64,706 PPP (2023)

Source: UNDP Human Development Report 2025

Rights and institutions

Freedom
Freedom score
Excellent
94
Freedom in the World94 / 100 (Free)
Sources
Rule of law
Rule of law score
Excellent
85
Rule of Law percentile85 / 100
Sources
Resources
Official references
UN Statistics: M49 country and area codesunstats.un.orgPwC: Worldwide Tax Summariestaxsummaries.pwc.comUNDP Human Development Report 2025hdr.undp.orgInternet Society Pulse Internet Resilience Indexpulse.internetsociety.orgWorld Bank World Development Indicatorsdata.worldbank.org
Quick links
San Marino visa & immigrationgoogle.comSan Marino tax residency rulesgoogle.comSan Marino citizenship requirementsgoogle.comCost of living in San Marinogoogle.com

Data is illustrative. Not legal or tax advice.