Turkiye
Anatolia (transcontinental)
Europe / Middle EastNon-EU
A large transcontinental economy bridging Europe and Asia with a fast property-based citizenship-by-investment route (US$400k), low living costs and a digital-nomad visa - though high inflation is a real drawback.
58
Overall score
Moderate · 100% data coverage
Language
TurkishCurrency
TRYCitizenship
5 years (or ~3–6 months via investment)Personal tax
15–40%Cost of living
$900 / mo (single)Rules change often. Confirm any immigration, tax or legal decision with a qualified professional.
Score breakdown
57
Access
17%48Residence12%
77Citizenship and passport5%
62
Earning power
25%59Salary and work12%
65Buying power13%
52
Business and wealth
20%56Taxes7%
54Business8%
44Investment5%
71
Daily life
25%67Quality of life18%
80Education7%
35
Rights and institutions
13%32Freedom6%
38Rule of law7%
Pros
- Fast CBI via US$400k property
- Low cost of living; big market
- Digital nomad visa; dual citizenship allowed
Cons
- High inflation & currency volatility
- Turkish needed locally
- Passport access weaker than EU
Best for
Property investors seeking a passportFounders targeting the regionNomads & remote workers
Score profile
Access
Residence
48
Citizenship
84
Passport
63
Earning power
Salary & work
59
Buying power
65
Cost of living
81
Economy
62
Business and wealth
Taxes
56
Personal tax
27
Corporate tax
29
Business
54
Investment
44
Wealth building
58
Daily life
Safety
59
Healthcare
70
Environment
59
Infrastructure
74
Education
80
HDI
85
Rights and institutions
Freedom
32
Rule of law
38
Access
Residence
Openness to residents
48Moderate
Migrant stock8.1% of population (2024)
Regulatory quality-0.21 (−2.5 to 2.5) (2024)
Main pathways
Citizenship by InvestmentProperty/residence permitDigital NomadWork permit
| Student | Student residence permit; limited part-time work. |
|---|---|
| Work | Work permit tied to an employer; quotas for foreign staff. |
| Self-employed | Company formation straightforward; independent work permit available. |
| Permanent | Long-term residence after 8 years; or citizenship via investment. |
Citizenship
Citizenship accessibility
84Excellent
| Years required | 5 years residence, or ~3–6 months via the investment route |
|---|---|
| Dual allowed | Yes |
| Language | Turkish for standard naturalisation; none for the investment route |
| Residence | 5 years continuous residence (standard) or qualifying investment |
| Notes | CBI requires ~US$400k in real estate (held 3 years) or set bank deposit/fixed-capital options. |
Passport
Passport power
63Moderate
124 / 198
Mobility
#46
Global rank
Yes
Biometric
- Visa-free76
- On arrival42
- eTA6
- Visa required74
Placeholder estimates for 2024 to 2025. Check entry rules with each destination before travelling.
Earning power
Salary & work
Labour-market strength
59Moderate
Output per worker$93,115 PPP (2024)
Unemployment8.5% (2025)
Participation54.4% of 15+ (2025)
Mean monthly earnings of employees
Overall$671 · $1,753 PPP (2024)
Tech (IT & comms)$1,065 · $2,784 PPP (2024)
| Freelance | Growing; many earn in foreign currency to hedge inflation |
|---|---|
| Job market | Istanbul is the economic & tech hub; gaming/startup scene active. |
Buying power
Purchasing power score
65Good
GNI / person$44,630 PPP (2025)
Consumption / person$22,149 PPP (2024)
Price level45 (US = 100) (2025)
Income inequality43.7 Gini (2023)
Inflation34.9% / yr (2025)
Cost of living
Affordability
81Excellent
Price level45 (US = 100) (2025)
| Rent | $400–900 (1BR Istanbul) |
|---|---|
| Monthly | $900 |
| Cities | Istanbul, Ankara, Izmir, Antalya |
Economy
Economic strength
62Moderate
Output & income
GDP$1.6T (2025)
GDP / person$18,599 (2025)
GNI / person$44,630 PPP (2025)
GDP growth3.3% / yr (2024)
Stability & labour
Inflation34.9% / yr (2025)
Unemployment8.5% (2025)
Output per worker$93,115 PPP (2024)
Sector composition
Agriculture5.2% of GDP (2025)
Industry24.0% of GDP (2025)
Services59.4% of GDP (2025)
Main industries
ManufacturingAutomotiveTextiles & apparelConstructionTourismAgricultureDefence
Top exports
Vehicles & partsMachineryTextiles & apparelSteelAgricultural products
| Type | Upper-middle-income, manufacturing- and export-led |
|---|---|
| Key sectors | Manufacturing & automotive, Textiles, Tourism & construction |
| Summary | A diversified manufacturing and export economy bridging Europe and Asia, strained by high inflation. |
| Currency | Turkish lira (history of high inflation and depreciation) |
Business and wealth
Taxes
Tax friendliness
56Moderate
| Personal | 15–40% progressive |
|---|---|
| Corporate | 25% |
| Capital gains | Up to 40%; real-estate gains exempt after 5 years' holding |
| Dividends | 10% (reduced from 15%) |
| Exit tax | None standard |
| Foreign companies | CFC rules apply |
Personal tax
Personal tax
27Low
| Personal | 15–40% progressive |
|---|---|
| Freelance | Independent work permit; company route common |
| Capital gains | Up to 40%; real-estate gains exempt after 5 years' holding |
| Dividends | 10% (reduced from 15%) |
| Exit tax | None standard |
Corporate tax
Corporate tax
29Low
| Corporate | 25% |
|---|---|
| Capital gains | Up to 40%; real-estate gains exempt after 5 years' holding |
| Dividends | 10% (reduced from 15%) |
| Foreign companies | CFC rules apply |
Business
Business friendliness
54Moderate
Regulation & bureaucracy
Regulatory quality-0.21 (−2.5 to 2.5) (2024)
Government effectiveness-0.07 (−2.5 to 2.5) (2024)
Operating rules
| Foreign company | Yes: 100% foreign ownership permitted |
|---|---|
| Local company | A.Ş. or Ltd. Şti.; formation in days |
| Freelance | Independent work permit; company route common |
Investment
Investing environment
44Limited
Market cap25% of GDP (2025)
Private credit46% of GDP (2025)
| Capital gains | Property gains exempt after 5 years; securities taxed variably |
|---|---|
| Dividends | Data not available yet |
| ETFs & funds | Data not available yet |
| Wealth tax | None (property tax applies) |
| Brokers | Local brokers; foreign access via international platforms |
| Foreign access | Data not available yet |
| Tax-advantaged | Data not available yet |
Wealth building
Wealth accumulation
58Moderate
Salary & work
59Moderate
Business
54Moderate
Investment
44Limited
Tax friendliness
56Moderate
Cost of living
81Excellent
Daily life
Safety
Safety & stability
59Moderate
Institutions & stability
Control of corruption-0.56 (−2.5 to 2.5) (2024)
Political stability-0.97 (−2.5 to 2.5) (2024)
Check current government travel and security advice before relocating.
Healthcare
Healthcare score
70Good
Outcomes
Life expectancy77.4 years (2024)
Under-5 mortality9.6 per 1,000 births (2024)
Capacity & resourcing
Physicians2.24 per 1,000 (2022)
Hospital beds3.05 per 1,000 (2023)
Health spending$1,769 PPP / person (2023)
System & costs
| System | Universal public (SGK) + strong private/medical-tourism sector |
|---|---|
| Insurance | SGK for residents; private insurance common for permits |
| Average cost | Private cover ~$300–800 / yr |
Environment
Environment score
59Moderate
Environmental pressure
PM2.5 exposure26.4 μg/m³ annually (2023)
Water stress47.9% (2022)
Infrastructure
Infrastructure score
74Good
Digital infrastructure
Internet use89.8% (2025)
Internet resilience57 / 100 (2026)
Fixed speed71 / 100 download index (2026)
Mobile speed72 / 100 download index (2026)
Sources: World Bank World Development Indicators · Internet Society Pulse Internet Resilience Index
Utilities
Electricity access100.0% (2023)
Grid losses8.3% of output (2024)
Transport
Transport quality3.40 / 5 (2022)
Rail density13.7 km / 1,000 km² (2021)
Air connectivity9,437 departures / million people (2023)
Education
Education score
80Excellent
Attainment
Expected schooling19.8 years (2023)
Mean schooling9.0 years (2023)
Participation & investment
Tertiary enrolment106% gross (2023)
Education spending3.1% of GDP (2022)
| Tuition | $3,000–10,000 / yr |
|---|---|
| Public university | Public universities low-cost; many English-taught programs |
| Languages | Turkish, English (many programs) |
| Student work | Limited part-time work for students |
HDI
Human development score
85Excellent
HDI0.853 (2023)
Knowledge
Expected schooling19.8 years (2023)
Mean schooling9.0 years (2023)
Rights and institutions
Freedom
Freedom score
32Limited
| Freedom in the World | 32 / 100 (Not free) |
|---|---|
| Freedom on the Net | 31 / 100 (Not free) |
Sources
Rule of law
Rule of law score
38Limited
| Rule of Law percentile | 38 / 100 |
|---|
Sources
Resources
Official references
Presidency of Migration Managementen.goc.gov.trRevenue Administration (GİB)gib.gov.trTurkish Citizenship by Investment (official e-Government portal)turkiye.gov.trUNDP Human Development Report 2025hdr.undp.orgInternet Society Pulse Internet Resilience Indexpulse.internetsociety.orgWorld Bank World Development Indicatorsdata.worldbank.orgILOSTAT (International Labour Organization)ilostat.ilo.org
Quick links
Data is illustrative. Not legal or tax advice.